慎重

Chinese

		cautious	heavy; serious; to double heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer
simp. and trad. (慎重)		慎	重

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shènzhòng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁶ zung⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m-chhung

(Hailu, HRS): shin^˖ chung^˖
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sīn-tiōng / sīn-tiǒng / sīm-tiōng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shènzhòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shènjhòng
  - Wade–Giles: shên⁴-chung⁴
  - Yale: shèn-jùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shennjonq
  - Palladius: шэньчжун (šɛnʹčžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san⁶ zung⁶
  - Yale: sahn juhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁶ dzung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁶ zung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²² t͡sʊŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m-chhung
  - Hakka Romanization System: siim^ˋ cung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sim³ cung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shin^˖ chung^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃin³³ t͡ʃʰuŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn-tiōng
  - Tâi-lô: sīn-tiōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sixndiong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin³³⁻²¹ tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sin³³⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²⁻²¹ tiɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn-tiǒng
  - Tâi-lô: sīn-tiǒng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹⁻²² tiɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm-tiōng
  - Tâi-lô: sīm-tiōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sixmdiong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim³³⁻²¹ tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sim³³⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ³³/

Adjective

慎重

careful; prudent; discreet; cautious

Synonyms

edit

不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
仔細 / 仔细 (zǐxì)
嚴 / 严 (yán)
嚴肅 / 严肃 (yánsù)
嚴謹 / 严谨 (yánjǐn)
墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
密切 (mìqiè)
審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
對重 / 对重 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
小心 (xiǎoxīn)
慎密 (shènmì)
慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
持重 (chízhòng)
板正 (bǎnzhèng)
正經 / 正经
當心 / 当心 (dāngxīn)
精心 (jīngxīn)
精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
細心 / 细心 (xìxīn)
細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
致重 (Hokkien)
認真 / 认真 (rènzhēn)
謹嚴 / 谨严 (jǐnyán)
謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
較真 / 较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
過細 / 过细 (guòxì)
鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)
頂真 / 顶真 (dǐngzhēn) (dialectal)

Antonyms

隨便／随便 (suíbiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (慎重):

→ Japanese: 慎(しん)重(ちょう) (shinchō)
→ Korean: 신중(愼重) (sinjung)
→ Vietnamese: thận trọng (慎重)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
慎	重
しん Grade: S	ちょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
愼重 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんちょー [shìńchóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

Adjective

慎(しん)重(ちょう) • (shinchō) -na (adnominal 慎(しん)重(ちょう)な (shinchō na), adverbial 慎(しん)重(ちょう)に (shinchō ni))

the way in which one is careful, thoughtful; prudent, discreet

Inflection

Inflection of 慎重

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	慎重だろ	しんちょうだろ	shinchō daro
Continuative (連用形)	慎重で	しんちょうで	shinchō de
Terminal (終止形)	慎重だ	しんちょうだ	shinchō da
Attributive (連体形)	慎重な	しんちょうな	shinchō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	慎重なら	しんちょうなら	shinchō nara
Imperative (命令形)	慎重であれ	しんちょうであれ	shinchō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	慎重ではない慎重じゃない	しんちょうではないしんちょうじゃない	shinchō de wa nai shinchō ja nai
Informal past	慎重だった	しんちょうだった	shinchō datta
Informal negative past	慎重ではなかった慎重じゃなかった	しんちょうではなかったしんちょうじゃなかった	shinchō de wa nakatta shinchō ja nakatta
Formal	慎重です	しんちょうです	shinchō desu
Formal negative	慎重ではありません慎重じゃありません	しんちょうではありませんしんちょうじゃありません	shinchō de wa arimasen shinchō ja arimasen
Formal past	慎重でした	しんちょうでした	shinchō deshita
Formal negative past	慎重ではありませんでした慎重じゃありませんでした	しんちょうではありませんでしたしんちょうじゃありませんでした	shinchō de wa arimasen deshita shinchō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	慎重で	しんちょうで	shinchō de
Conditional	慎重なら（ば）	しんちょうなら（ば）	shinchō nara (ba)
Provisional	慎重だったら	しんちょうだったら	shinchō dattara
Volitional	慎重だろう	しんちょうだろう	shinchō darō
Adverbial	慎重に	しんちょうに	shinchō ni
Degree	慎重さ	しんちょうさ	shinchōsa

Noun

慎(しん)重(ちょう) • (shinchō)

the quality in which one is careful, thoughtful; prudence, discretion

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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