慎

See also: 愼 and 惧

慎	U+614E, 慎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614E

← 慍
[U+614D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慏 →
[U+614F]

慎	U+FA87, 慎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA87

← 惘
[U+FA86]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

愈 →
[U+FA88]

慎	U+2F8A8, 慎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A8

← 慌
[U+2F8A7]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

慌 →
[U+2F8A9]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean	愼

Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which correspond to different forms of 真.

Han character

慎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心十月金 (PJBC), four-corner 9408₁, composition ⿰忄真)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 398, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11024
Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 35
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 2
Unihan data for U+614E

Unihan data for U+FA87

Unihan data for U+2F8A8

Chinese

trad.		慎/愼
simp.		慎
2nd round simp.		𰑝
alternative forms		㥲昚眘𡴜𦚉㥲昚眘𡴜𦚉𡸱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (真) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
寘	*tjels
䡩	*kʰriːn
黰	ʔriːn, ʔljinʔ
顛	tiːn, tʰiːns
滇	tiːn, tʰiːns, *diːn
齻	*tiːn
槙	tiːn, tjinʔ
瘨	*tiːn
傎	*tiːn
蹎	*tiːn
厧	*tiːn
巔	*tiːn
癲	*tiːn
瑱	tʰiːns, tins
填	diːn, diːns, tin, tins
窴	diːn, diːns
闐	diːn, diːns
磌	diːn, tjin
鷏	*diːn
嗔	diːn, tʰjin
搷	*diːn
鎮	tin, tins
縝	tʰin, ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin
真	*ʔljin
禛	*tjin
稹	ʔljin, ʔljinʔ
蒖	*tjin
鬒	*ʔljinʔ
瞋	*tʰjin
謓	*tʰjin
慎	*djins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djins): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – a behavior trait (heart), care, caution. Note that 真 means “truth, genuine, sincerity”, hence connotations of “acting sincerely, with care”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m

(Hailu, HRS): shim^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sem³
Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sīm

(Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁷ / sim²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zen / ⁶zeen / ⁶zyun / ⁶zon
- (Jinhua): ⁶zhiun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
  - Wade–Giles: shên⁴
  - Yale: shèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: san⁶
  - Yale: sahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m
  - Hakka Romanization System: siim^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sim³
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shim^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sem³
  - Sinological IPA: /səm³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
  - Tâi-lô: sīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sin
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
  - Tâi-lô: sīm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sim
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sim⁷ / sim²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīm / sím
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim¹¹/, /sim⁵²/

Note: sim2 - vernacular 俗讀.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²³¹/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zeen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ¹¹/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zyun
  - MiniDict: zoen^去
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ¹¹³/
- (Northern: Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zon
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zoŋ¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhiun
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑyəŋ¹⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzyinH

Rime
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	真 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時刃切
Baxter	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]i[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]i[n]-s/
English	careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
No.	17082
Phonetic component	眞
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼
Old Chinese	/*djins/

Definitions

慎

prudent; cautious; careful
- 君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏於事而慎於言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Jūnzǐ shí wú qiú bǎo, jū wú qiú ān, mǐn yú shì ér shèn yú yán, jiù yǒudào ér zhèng yān, kěwèi hǎoxué yě yǐ. [Pinyin]
  The noble person eats but does not seek to be full, dwells at home but does not seek to be at ease, is competent in his acts and prudent in his words, and approaches those who have the Way to rectify himself thereby: he can be said to love learning.
(Classical) take care to...; used with negative imperative particles, e.g. 勿, to emphasize the order.
- 可與往者與之，至於妙道；不可與往者，不知其道，慎勿與之，身乃無咎。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  可与往者与之，至于妙道；不可与往者，不知其道，慎勿与之，身乃无咎。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Kě yǔ wǎng zhě yǔ zhī, zhì yú miàodào; bù kě yǔ wǎng zhě, bù zhī qí dào, shèn wù yǔ zhī, shēn nǎi wú jiù. [Pinyin]
  If he is one worth accompanying, accompany him and reach the subtlest Way; if he is one not worth accompanying and you do not know his Way, take care to not accompany him, and you will have no blame.
a surname