肅

See also: 粛 and 肃

肅	U+8085, 肅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8085

← 肄
[U+8084]

CJK Unified Ideographs

肆 →
[U+8086]

Translingual

Traditional	肅
Shinjitai	粛
Simplified	肃

Han character

肅 (Kangxi radical 129, 聿+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 中難 (LX), four-corner 5022₇, composition ⿻肀𣶒(GJKT) or ⿻𦘒𣶒(H))

Derived characters

嘯彇㩋潚㬘橚熽璛䐹䃤䊥繡蟰鏽驌鱐㔅㪩歗䎘鷫蕭簫

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 971, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29225
Dae Jaweon: page 1423, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3169, character 4
Unihan data for U+8085

Chinese

trad.		肅
simp.		肃
alternative forms		粛𦘛𦘡䏋𦘜粛𦘛𦘡䏋𦘜𦘝𢙻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
簫	*sɯːw
蕭	*sɯːw
瀟	*sɯːw
潚	sɯːw, sɯwɢ
彇	*sɯːw
蟰	sɯːw, sɯwɢ
橚	sɯːw, sɯwɢ
嘯	*sɯːwɢs
歗	*sɯːwɢs
熽	*sɯːwɢs
繡	*sɯwɢs
鏽	*sɯwɢs
肅	*sɯwɢ
鷫	*sɯwɢ
驌	*sɯwɢ
鱐	*sɯwɢ
璛	*sɯwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 𦘒 (“hand holding brush”) + 𣶒 (“abyss”). Uncertain. One interpretation says it depicts a person sweeping or walking with a staff near an abyss, conveying solemnity or respectful handling of affairs.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sù (su⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sok / suk / siuk

(Hailu, HRS): sog / sug / siug
Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeh⁶ / syoeh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siok / sok

(Teochew, Peng'im): sog⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sù
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sù
  - Wade–Giles: su⁴
  - Yale: sù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
  - Palladius: су (su)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: suk¹
  - Yale: sūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: sug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sok / suk / siuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: sog^ˋ / sug^ˋ / xiug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sog⁵ / sug⁵ / xiug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sok̚²/, /suk̚²/, /si̯uk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sog / sug / siug
  - Sinological IPA: /sok⁵/, /suk⁵/, /siuk⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /søyʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬœʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyøʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok
  - Tâi-lô: siok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siog
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
  - Tâi-lô: sok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sog
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sok̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 肅
Mandarin	Beijing	/su⁵¹/
	Harbin	/su⁵³/ /su⁴⁴/ 甘～
	Tianjin	/su⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/su⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/sy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/su¹³/ 嚴～ /ɕy¹³/ 甘～
	Lanzhou	/su¹³/
	Ürümqi	/su²¹³/
	Wuhan	/səu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/su³¹/
	Nanjing	/suʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/suəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/soʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/soʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/soʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/suʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/səu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/səu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/səɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/siuk̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/siuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/suk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siɔk̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/souʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sok̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sok̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

Rime
Character	肅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息逐切
Baxter	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*siwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*sɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肅	肅	肅	肅	肅
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù	sù	sù	sù	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/
English	solemn, severe	contract (v.); shrivel	present (v.)	beat (v.)	eager; swift
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肅
Reading #	1/1
No.	12125
Phonetic component
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*sɯwɢ/

Definitions

肅

respectful
solemn
肅靜／肃静 ― sùjìng ― solemnly silent
to rectify; to tighten; to strengthen
to eliminate
肅清／肃清 ― sùqīng ― to eliminate; to purge
a surname

Compounds

名正肅 / 名正肃
嚴肅 / 严肃 (yánsù)
寒肅 / 寒肃
恭肅嚴整 / 恭肃严整
態度嚴肅 / 态度严肃
敬肅者 / 敬肃者
整肅 / 整肃 (zhěngsù)
檢肅 / 检肃
甘肅 / 甘肃 (Gānsù)
祗肅 / 祗肃
秋高氣肅 / 秋高气肃
端肅 / 端肃
肅函 / 肃函
肅北 / 肃北 (Sùběi)
肅北蒙古族自治縣 / 肃北蒙古族自治县
肅反 / 肃反 (sùfǎn)
肅呈 / 肃呈
肅坐 / 肃坐
肅客 / 肃客
肅州 / 肃州 (Sùzhōu)
肅恭 / 肃恭
肅慎 / 肃慎 (Sùshèn)
肅拜 / 肃拜
肅殺 / 肃杀 (sùshā)
肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
肅然 / 肃然 (sùrán)
肅然起敬 / 肃然起敬 (sùránqǐjìng)
肅爽 / 肃爽 (sùshuāng)
肅穆 / 肃穆 (sùmù)
肅立 / 肃立 (sùlì)
肅肅 / 肃肃
肅貪 / 肃贪
肅雝 / 肃雍
肅靜 / 肃静 (sùjìng)
茲肅者 / 兹肃者
謹肅 / 谨肃
魯肅指囷 / 鲁肃指囷
齊肅 / 齐肃

Japanese

Shinjitai	粛
Kyūjitai	肅

Kanji

肅

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 粛)

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Readings

Go-on: すく (suku)
Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 肅む)

Korean

Hanja

肅 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)

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Vietnamese

Han character

肅: Hán Nôm readings: túc

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