坷
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Translingual
Han character
坷 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一弓口 (GMNR), four-corner 41120, composition ⿰土可)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4994
- Dae Jaweon: page 462, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 429, character 16
- Unihan data for U+5777
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
坷 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls): semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Eastern Min (BUC): kó̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor3
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kě
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kě
- Wade–Giles: kʻo3
- Yale: kě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kee
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ho2
- Yale: hó
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho2
- Guangdong Romanization: ho2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ho2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hᵘɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kor3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kô̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kor3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ
- Tâi-lô: khónn
- Phofsit Daibuun: qvor
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó
- Tâi-lô: khó
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoir
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia̍t
- Tâi-lô: khia̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiat
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note: khia̍t - 碣 is used in the Mainland.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ko1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kho
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰo³³/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: khaX, khaH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːlʔ/, /*kʰaːls/
Definitions
坷
- only used in 坎坷 (kǎnkě)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kē
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ke
- Wade–Giles: kʻo1
- Yale: kē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ho1
- Yale: hō
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho1
- Guangdong Romanization: ho1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ho2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hᵘɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kor1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kor1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Definitions
坷
- used in 坷垃 (kēlā)
- A placename in ancient China.
References
- “坷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 399.
- “坷”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “坷”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 122.
Japanese
Kanji
坷
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
坷 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)
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Vietnamese
Han character
坷: Hán Nôm readings: kha, khá, khú
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