See also:
U+5475, 呵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5475

[U+5474]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5476]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓口 (RMNR), four-corner 61020, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𦱕, 𭊀

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 598, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5475

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls): semantic + phonetic (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

Etymology

Probably related to (OC *qʰaː, “to exhale, shout”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • ŏ̤ - literary;
  • hŏ̤ - vernacular (sound of laughter).
Note:
  • ho - literary;
  • o - 阿 is used in the Mainland.
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 1hu
      • MiniDict: hu
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1hu
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hu⁵³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (32)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter xa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/hɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/xɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ha/
Li
Rong
/xɑ/
Wang
Li
/xɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/xɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ho1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ xa ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʰˁaj/
English scold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 7453
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰaːl/
Notes

Definitions

  1. alternative form of  / (, to berate; to scold)
  2. to shout; to cry out
  3. to cherish; to treasure; to protect
  4. (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing.
      ―  .  ―  Huh. (with falling pitch)
  5. Exclamation particle for expressing surprise.
  6. (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco)

Compounds

  • 傻呵呵 (shǎhēhē)
  • 冷呵呵
  • 叱呵 (chìhē)
  • 呵佛罵祖 / 呵佛骂祖
  • 呵叱 (hēchì)
  • 呵呵 (hēhē)
  • 呵呵大笑 (hēhē dàxiào)
  • 呵咾 (o-ló)
  • 呵喝 (hēhè)
  • 呵壁問天 / 呵壁问天
  • 呵導 / 呵导
  • 呵斥 (hēchì)
  • 呵會 / 呵会
  • 呵癢 / 呵痒
  • 呵禁
  • 呵脬捧卵
  • 呵衛 / 呵卫
  • 呵護 / 呵护 (hēhù)
  • 呵責 / 呵责 (hēzé)
  • 哦呵
  • 喝風呵煙 / 喝风呵烟
  • 怔呵呵
  • 打野呵
  • 撇呵
  • 樂呵 / 乐呵
  • 樂呵呵 / 乐呵呵 (lèhēhē)
  • 灞陵呵夜
  • 笑呵呵 (xiàohēhē)
  • 胖呵呵
  • 譏呵 / 讥呵
  • 譙呵 / 谯呵
  • 開呵 / 开呵
  • 霸陵呵夜

Pronunciation 2


Note:
  • hĕ̤ - vernacular;
  • hŏ̤ - literary.
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 1hu
      • MiniDict: hu
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1hu
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hu⁵³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (32)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter xaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/hɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/haH/
Li
Rong
/xɑH/
Wang
Li
/xɑH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/xɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ho3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 7456
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰaːls/

Definitions

  1. to expel breath; to slowly breathe out

Compounds

Pronunciation 3


Definitions

  1. Used in transcription.

Compounds

Pronunciation 4


Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of (to bend over)

Pronunciation 5


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of (exclamation particle)

Pronunciation 6


Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of (modal particle)

Pronunciation 7


Definitions

  1. (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive

Pronunciation 8

Definitions

  1. (Cantonese) alternative form of (ho2)

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. scold, disapprove

Readings

  • Go-on: (ka)
  • Kan-on: (ka)
  • Kun: しかる (shikaru, 呵る)わらう (warau, 呵う)

Korean

Hanja

• (ga) (hangeul , revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Adjective

()

  1. Nôm form of (yonder).
    鉗𱍭仍会𱐍地
    Ghiềm ngần nhằng hỏi dú ti̱
    The silver ring still hanging there

Particle

(a; à)

  1. Nôm form of a (alright, okay).
    𱽗好𱻊帝鍾用
    Rầư hảo nghì đảy chung du̱ng a
    Whoever is righteous will be adorsed
  2. Nôm form of à (Sound made during singing.).
    𫠿蘭菊秋
    Dâng lan à cúc thu
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: ha, , hả, , khá, khà

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.