壕

壕	U+58D5, 壕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D5

← 壔
[U+58D4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

壖 →
[U+58D6]

Translingual

Han character

壕 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土卜口人 (GYRO), four-corner 4013₂, composition ⿰土豪)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5559
Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 5
Unihan data for U+58D5

Chinese

simp. and trad.		壕

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
高	*kaːw
膏	kaːw, kaːws
篙	*kaːw
稿	*kaːwʔ
稾	kaːwʔ, kʰaːws
槁	kaːwʔ, kʰaːwʔ
縞	kaːwʔ, kaːws
暠	*kaːwʔ
槀	*kaːwʔ
藁	*kaːwʔ
燺	*kʰaːwʔ
薧	kʰaːwʔ, kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒	*kʰaːws
蒿	*qʰaːw
藃	qʰaːws, qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪	*ɡaːw
毫	*ɡaːw
壕	*ɡaːw
濠	*ɡaːw
鎬	*ɡaːwʔ
滈	ɡaːwʔ, qʰraːwɢ
鄗	ɡaːwʔ, kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝	ɡaːwʔ, qʰaːwɢ
薃	*ɡaːwʔ
搞	*kruːʔ
敲	kʰraːw, kʰraːws
髇	*qʰraːw
嗃	qʰraːw, qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐	*kʰl'awʔ
歊	qʰraw, qʰoːwɢ
謞	qʰaːwɢ, qʰraːwɢ
熇	qʰaːwɢ, qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻	*kʰraːwɢ
塙	*kʰraːwɢ
毃	*kʰraːwɢ
翯	qʰraːwɢ, ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥	*qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːw): semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): háo (hao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hou⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hô / hô͘ / ô

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: háo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: háo
  - Wade–Giles: hao²
  - Yale: háu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haur
  - Palladius: хао (xao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hou⁴
  - Yale: hòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
  - Tâi-lô: hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Taipei, Yilan, Kinmen): /ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Tainan): /hɤ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /ho²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô
  - Tâi-lô: ô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ooi
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /o²⁴/

Note:

hô/hô͘ - literary;
ô - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: haw

Rime
Character	壕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡刀切
Baxter	haw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaw/
Li Rong	/ɣɑu/
Wang Li	/ɣɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壕
Reading #	1/1
No.	3749
Phonetic component	高
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	豪
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːw/
Notes	同濠

Definitions

壕

moat; channel
(military) trench
(Internet slang) alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo)

Compounds

城壕 (chéngháo)
塹壕 / 堑壕 (qiànháo)
壕溝 / 壕沟 (háogōu)
戰壕 / 战壕 (zhànháo)
防空壕 (fángkōngháo)

Japanese

Kanji

壕

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

moat, trench

Readings

Go-on: ごう (gō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: ほり (hori, 壕)

Compounds

掩壕(えんごう) (engō)
掩蔽壕(えんぺいごう) (enpeigō)
壕舎(ごうしゃ) (gōsha)
塹壕(ざんごう) (zangō)
散兵壕(さんぺいごう) (sanpeigō)
城壕(じょうごう) (jōgō)
待避壕(たいひごう) (taihigō)
防空壕(ぼうくうごう) (bōkūgō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
壕
ごう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 壕 (háo).

Alternative forms

濠

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごー [góꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ː]

Noun

壕(ごう) • (gō) ^{←がう (gau)^?}

moat, trench

Usage notes

濠 implies one with water, 壕 implies one without water.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
壕
ほり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掘る (horu, “to dig”).

Alternative forms

堀, 濠

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほり [hòríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ɾʲi]

Noun

壕(ほり) • (hori)

ditch, canal
moat

Derived terms

内壕(うちぼり) (uchibori)
空壕(からぼり) (karabori)
城壕(しろぼり) (shirobori)
捨(す)て壕(ぼり) (sutebori)
外壕(そとぼり) (sotobori)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

壕: Hán Nôm readings: hào

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]