憑

See also: 凭 and 凴

憑	U+6191, 憑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6191

← 憐
[U+6190]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憒 →
[U+6192]

Translingual

Han character

憑 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈火心 (IFP), four-corner 3133₂, composition ⿱馮心)

Derived characters

𧂋

Related characters

凭 (Simplified form of 憑)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11210
Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2351, character 2
Unihan data for U+6191

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冫	*prɯŋ
冰	pŋrɯŋ, ŋrɯŋ
砅	pʰrɯŋ, rads
馮	brɯŋ, bɯŋ
憑	*bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯŋ): phonetic 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad.		憑/凭
simp.		凭
alternative forms		凴／凭凭 “to lean on; to depend on”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): píng (ping²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pang⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pang³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phìn

(Hailu, HRS): pin

(Meixian, Guangdong): pin²
Jin (Wiktionary): bing²
Eastern Min (BUC): bìng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bia² / biann² / bing²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pîn / pêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ / bêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: píng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: píng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻing²
  - Yale: píng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
  - Palladius: пин (pin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pang⁴
  - Yale: pàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: pin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pin²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: pin
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pin²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bing²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /piŋ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bia²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: biáⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pia¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: biann²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pĩã²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bing²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bíng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîn / pêng
  - Tâi-lô: pîn / pîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piin, peeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pin²⁴/, /piɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pin²⁴/, /piɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pin¹³/, /piɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pin²⁴/, /piɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin²³/, /piɪŋ²³/

Note:

pîn - vernacular;
pêng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: pêng⁵ / bêng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng / pêng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/, /peŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: bing

Rime
Character	憑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶冰切
Baxter	bing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biŋ/
Li Rong	/biəŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	píng
Middle Chinese	‹ bing ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rəŋ/
English	lean on
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憑
Reading #	1/1
No.	859
Phonetic component	仌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	凭
Old Chinese	/*bɯŋ/

Definitions

憑

to lean on; to lean against
- 獨自莫憑欄，無限江山。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  独自莫凭栏，无限江山。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 10th century CE, Li Yu, 浪淘沙令·簾外雨潺潺
  Dúzì mò píng lán, wúxiàn jiāngshān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to depend on; to rely on
(colloquial) no matter
on the basis of; according to; by
proof; evidence
(literary) to request
alternative form of 馮 / 冯 (“to wade across a river”)

Synonyms

(to depend on):

edit

仗恃 (zhàngshì) (literary, chiefly derogatory)
仰仗 (yǎngzhàng)
仰賴 / 仰赖 (yǎnglài)
依 (yī)
依仗 (yīzhàng)
依倚 (Hokkien)
依恃 (yīshì) (literary)
依歸 / 依归 (yīguī) (literary)
依託 / 依托 (yītuō)
依賴 / 依赖 (yīlài)
依附 (yīfù)
依靠 (yīkào)
倚仗 (yǐzhàng)
倚倚 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
借助 (jièzhù)
倚賴 / 倚赖 (yǐlài)
倚靠 (yǐkào)
寄 (jì)
展品棒 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
怙恃 (hùshì) (literary)
憑仗 / 凭仗 (píngzhàng)
憑依 / 凭依 (píngyī)
憑借 / 凭借 (píngjiè)
憑恃 / 凭恃 (píngshì)
憑靠 / 凭靠 (píngkào)
指 (zhǐ)
據 / 据
歸依 / 归依 (guīyī) (literary)
聊 (liáo) (formal)
賴 / 赖 (lài) (literary, or in compounds only)

(no matter):

edit

不常在 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
不拘 (bùjū)
不管 (bùguǎn)
不論 / 不论 (bùlùn)
任憑 / 任凭 (rènpíng)
別管 / 别管 (biéguǎn)
勿怪 (⁸veq-kua) (Wu)
勿管 (⁸veq-kuoe) (Wu)
勿論 / 勿论 (⁸veq-len) (Wu)
毋管
無管 / 无管 (wúguǎn) (literary or Min Nan)
無論 / 无论 (wúlùn)
隨便 / 随便 (suíbiàn)

(on the basis of):

edit

依 (yī)
依據 / 依据 (yījù)
依照 (yīzhào)
憑借 / 凭借 (píngjiè)
按 (àn)
按照 (ànzhào)
據 / 据
本著 / 本着 (běnzhe)
根據 / 根据 (gēnjù)

(proof):

edit

佐證 / 佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
例證 / 例证 (lìzhèng)
信 (literary, or in compounds)
信據 / 信据 (xìnjù) (literary, reliable evidence)
力證 / 力证 (lìzhèng) (strong evidence)
印證 / 印证 (yìnzhèng)
實證 / 实证 (shízhèng) (concrete evidence)
干證 (Hokkien)
憑信 / 凭信 (píngxìn)
憑據 / 凭据 (píngjù)
憑條 / 凭条 (Min Nan)
憑證 / 凭证 (píngzhèng)
據 / 据 (literary, or in compounds)
論證 / 论证 (lùnzhèng)
證 / 证 (zhèng)
證供 / 证供 (zhènggōng) (Hong Kong)
證據 / 证据 (zhèngjù)
證明 / 证明 (zhèngmíng)
證見 / 证见 (Hokkien, literary)
鐵證 / 铁证 (tiězhèng) (very strong evidence)

(to request):

edit

乞丐 (qǐgài) (archaic)
乞憐 / 乞怜 (qǐlián) (to beg for pity)
乞求 (qǐqiú)
哀告 (āigào)
哀求 (āiqiú)
央告 (yānggào)
央求 (yāngqiú)
懇求 / 恳求 (kěnqiú)
懇請 / 恳请 (kěnqǐng)
求 (qiú)
沽情 (Hokkien)
煩請 / 烦请 (fánqǐng) (honorific, polite)
祈求 (qíqiú) (to pray for)
祈祝 (qízhù) (literary)
祝禱 / 祝祷 (zhùdǎo) (literary)
要求 (yāoqiú)
請 / 请
請求 / 请求 (qǐngqiú)

Compounds

不足為憑 / 不足为凭 (bùzúwéipíng)
任憑 / 任凭 (rènpíng)
依憑 / 依凭 (yīpíng)
債權憑證 / 债权凭证
公憑 / 公凭
受益憑證 / 受益凭证
口說無憑 / 口说无凭 (kǒushuōwúpíng)
各憑本事 / 各凭本事
單憑 / 单凭
執憑文帖 / 执凭文帖
專賣憑證 / 专卖凭证
憑仗 / 凭仗 (píngzhàng)
憑依 / 凭依 (píngyī)
憑信 / 凭信 (píngxìn)
憑借 / 凭借 (píngjiè)
憑倚 / 凭倚
憑准
憑券 / 凭券
憑單 / 凭单 (píngdān)
憑噫 / 凭噫
憑媒說合 / 凭媒说合
憑山俯海 / 凭山俯海
憑弔 / 凭吊 (píngdiào)
憑心 / 凭心
憑恃 / 凭恃 (píngshì)
憑摺 / 凭折
憑據 / 凭据 (píngjù)
憑桌 / 凭桌
憑欄 / 凭栏 (pínglán)
憑河暴虎 / 凭河暴虎
憑準 / 凭准 (píngzhǔn)
憑照 / 凭照
憑眺 / 凭眺
憑票 / 凭票
憑空 / 凭空 (píngkōng)
憑空捏造 / 凭空捏造
憑空杜撰
憑肩 / 凭肩
憑脈 / 凭脉
憑良心說 / 凭良心说
憑著 / 凭著
憑藉 / 凭借 (píngjiè)
憑虛 / 凭虚
憑虛公子 / 凭虚公子
憑虛構象 / 凭虚构象
憑證 / 凭证 (píngzhèng)
憑軾 / 凭轼
憑闌 / 凭阑
憑陵 / 凭陵
憑險 / 凭险
憑驗 / 凭验
憑高 / 凭高
憑高望遠 / 凭高望远
戴憑奪席 / 戴凭夺席
戴憑重席 / 戴凭重席
文憑 / 文凭 (wénpíng)
有憑有據 / 有凭有据
有證為憑 / 有证为凭
無憑 / 无凭
狐憑鼠伏 / 狐凭鼠伏
白憑無故 / 白凭无故
真憑實據 / 真凭实据 (zhēnpíngshíjù)
空口無憑 / 空口无凭 (kōngkǒuwúpíng)
聽憑 / 听凭 (tīngpíng)
聽憑尊便 / 听凭尊便 (tīngpíngzūnbiàn)
鼠憑社貴 / 鼠凭社贵

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (憑):

→ Vietnamese: bằng (憑)

Etymology 2

trad.		憑
simp.		凭

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bang⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bang⁵
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): bên⁴

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bang⁶
  - Yale: bahng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bang⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: beng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ³²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bên⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pɛn⁵³/

Definitions

憑

(Cantonese, Hakka) to lean against

Compounds

憑企 / 凭企
挨挨憑憑 / 挨挨凭凭

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

trad.		憑
simp.		凭
alternative forms		屏拼

Cantonese (Jyutping): peng¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: peng¹
  - Yale: pēng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: peng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: péng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

憑 (Cantonese)

back (of a chair); backrest

Compounds

凳憑 / 凳凭
挨憑椅 / 挨凭椅
椅憑 / 椅凭

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “凭”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.