接近

Chinese

		to extend; to connect; to receive to extend; to connect; to receive; to join	near; close (to); approximately
trad. (接近)		接	近
simp. ^#(接近)		接	近

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiējìn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝㄐㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zip³ gan⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chiap-khiun

(Meixian, Guangdong): jiab⁵ kiun⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiap-kūn / chiap-kǔn / chiap-kīn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziab⁴ geng⁶
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷ciq-jin₆ / ⁷ciq-jin₄

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiējìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiejìn
  - Wade–Giles: chieh¹-chin⁴
  - Yale: jyē-jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiejinn
  - Palladius: цзецзинь (czeczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zip³ gan⁶
  - Yale: jip gahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzip⁸ gan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: jib³ gen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiap-khiun
  - Hakka Romanization System: jiab^ˋ kiun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jiab⁵ kiun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jiab⁵ kiun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕiap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiap-kūn
  - Tâi-lô: tsiap-kūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciapkun
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiap-kǔn
  - Tâi-lô: tsiap-kǔn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiap-kīn
  - Tâi-lô: tsiap-kīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciapkin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziab⁴ geng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiap kṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciq-jin₆
  - MiniDict: cih^入 jin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jiq-jjin₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciq-jin₄
  - MiniDict: cih^入 jin^上
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

Verb

接近

to approach; to get close to; to draw near
接近尾聲／接近尾声 ― jiējìn wěishēng ― to be close to the end
to be similar (to); to be analogous (to)

Synonyms

(to get close to):

edit

倚近 (Hokkien)
傍依 (bàngyī)
傍邊 / 傍边 (bàngbiān) (colloquial)
向邇 / 向迩 (xiàng'ěr) (literary)
把 (colloquial)
挨近 (āijìn)
挨邊 / 挨边 (āibiān) (colloquial, to be close to an age or number)
接 (jiē)
擦 (cā)
比鄰 / 比邻 (bǐlín) (literary)
湊 / 凑 (còu)
瀕於 / 濒于 (bīnyú) (of something undesirable)
瀕臨 / 濒临 (bīnlín)
相鄰 / 相邻 (xiānglín)
臨近 / 临近 (línjìn)
親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
近倚 (Hokkien)
鄰近 / 邻近 (línjìn)
附 (fù)
靠近 (kàojìn)

(to approach):

edit

就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
搭近 (Hokkien)
攝 / 摄 (literary, or in compounds)
湊近 / 凑近 (còujìn)
貼近 / 贴近 (tiējìn)
迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
迫近 (pòjìn)
逼倚 (Hokkien)
逼近 (bījìn)

(to be similar):

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就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
搭近 (Hokkien)
攝 / 摄 (literary, or in compounds)
湊近 / 凑近 (còujìn)
貼近 / 贴近 (tiējìn)
迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
迫近 (pòjìn)
逼倚 (Hokkien)
逼近 (bījìn)

Adjective

接近

near; close
intimate; close
(attributive) proximity
接近檢測／接近检测 ― jiējìn jiǎncè ― proximity detection

接近傳感器／接近传感器 ― jiējìn chuángǎnqì ― proximity sensor

Synonyms

(intimate):

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同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
周密 (zhōumì) (literary, of dealings)
密切 (mìqiè)
火熱 / 火热 (huǒrè)
熱和 / 热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
熱火 / 热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
知心 (zhīxīn)
緊密 / 紧密 (jǐnmì)
親切 / 亲切 (qīnqiè)
親善 / 亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
親密 / 亲密 (qīnmì)
親熱 / 亲热 (qīnrè)
親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
貼己 / 贴己 (tiējǐ)
貼身 / 贴身 (tiēshēn)
近 (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
過心 / 过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
體己 / 体己

Japanese

Kanji in this term
接	近
せつ > せっ Grade: 5	きん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せっきん [sèkkíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

Noun

接(せっ)近(きん) • (sekkin)

getting closer, approaching

Verb

接(せっ)近(きん)する • (sekkin suru) intransitive suru (stem 接(せっ)近(きん)し (sekkin shi), past 接(せっ)近(きん)した (sekkin shita))

to get close, to approach

Conjugation

Conjugation of "接近する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	接近し	せっきんし	sekkin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	接近し	せっきんし	sekkin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	接近する	せっきんする	sekkin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	接近する	せっきんする	sekkin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	接近すれ	せっきんすれ	sekkin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	接近せよ¹ 接近しろ²	せっきんせよ¹ せっきんしろ²	sekkin seyo¹ sekkin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	接近される	せっきんされる	sekkin sareru
Causative	接近させる接近さす	せっきんさせるせっきんさす	sekkin saseru sekkin sasu
Potential	接近できる	せっきんできる	sekkin dekiru
Volitional	接近しよう	せっきんしよう	sekkin shiyō
Negative	接近しない	せっきんしない	sekkin shinai
Negative continuative	接近せず	せっきんせず	sekkin sezu
Formal	接近します	せっきんします	sekkin shimasu
Perfective	接近した	せっきんした	sekkin shita
Conjunctive	接近して	せっきんして	sekkin shite
Hypothetical conditional	接近すれば	せっきんすれば	sekkin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
接	近

Noun

接近 • (jeopgeun) (hangeul 접근)

hanja form^? of 접근 (“approach”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
接	近

Verb

接近

chữ Hán form of tiếp cận (“to approach”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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