方向

Chinese

		square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just	direction; part; side direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to
simp. and trad. (方向)		方	向

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fāngxiàng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤㄒㄧㄤˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fang¹ xiang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹ hoeng³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fông-hiong

(Hailu, HRS): fong^ˋ hiong^ˇ
Eastern Min (BUC): huŏng-hióng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng¹ hyorng⁴ / horng¹ hyoeng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hong-hiòng / hong-hiàng

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ hiang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fāngxiàng → fāngxiang (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤㄒㄧㄤˋ → ㄈㄤ ˙ㄒㄧㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fangsiång
  - Wade–Giles: fang¹-hsiang⁵
  - Yale: fāng-syang
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang.shianq
  - Palladius: фансян (fansjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/ → /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fang¹ xiang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fangxiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faŋ⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong¹ hoeng³
  - Yale: fōng heung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹ hoeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong¹ hêng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-hiong
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˊ hiong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong¹ hiong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˋ hiong^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵³ hioŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huŏng-hióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ŋyɔŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng¹ hyorng⁴ [Phonetic: horng² hyorng⁴]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ho̤ng-hio̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ hyɒŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng¹ hyoeng⁴ [Phonetic: horng² hyoeng⁴]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ hyøŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hiòng
  - Tâi-lô: hong-hiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: honghioxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ hiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hiàng
  - Tâi-lô: hong-hiàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: honghiaxng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang¹ hiang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang hiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ hiaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: pjang xjangH

Rime
Character	方	向
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府良切	許亮切
Baxter	pjang	xjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋ/	/hɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋ/	/hiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋ/	/xiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋ/	/hɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/piuaŋ/	/xiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋ/	/xĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/piwaŋ/	/xi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fāng	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong¹	hoeng³

Noun

方向

direction; orientation
研究方向 ― yánjiū fāngxiàng ― research direction

轉換方向／转换方向 ― zhuǎnhuàn fāngxiàng ― to change direction

你要朝那個方向走。 [MSC, trad.]
你要朝那个方向走。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ yào cháo nà ge fāngxiàng zǒu. [Pinyin]
You need to go in that direction.

她朝哪個方向去了？ [MSC, trad.]
她朝哪个方向去了？ [MSC, simp.]
Tā cháo nǎ ge fāngxiàng qù le? [Pinyin]
Which way did she go?
(figuratively, by extension) course; goal or trend of events
這一樣車向我們展示了未來汽車的發展方向。 [MSC, trad.]
这一样车向我们展示了未来汽车的发展方向。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè yī yàng chē xiàng wǒmen zhǎnshì le wèilái qìchē de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng. [Pinyin]
This concept shows us the direction of future car development.

有人建議他要分散投資方向。 [MSC, trad.]
有人建议他要分散投资方向。 [MSC, simp.]
Yǒurén jiànyì tā yào fēnsàn tóuzī fāngxiàng. [Pinyin]
He was advised to diversify his investments.

Synonyms

(direction): 方位 (fāngwèi), 指向 (zhǐxiàng), 走向 (zǒuxiàng)
(course):

edit

傾向 / 倾向
動向 / 动向 (dòngxiàng)
取向 (qǔxiàng)
意味 (yìwèi)
潮流 (cháoliú)
苗頭 / 苗头 (miáotou)
走向 (zǒuxiàng)
趨勢 / 趋势 (qūshì)
趨向 / 趋向 (qūxiàng)

Derived terms

大方向 (dàfāngxiàng)
方向性 (fāngxiàngxìng)
方向感 (fāngxiànggǎn)
方向盤 / 方向盘 (fāngxiàngpán)
方向舵 (fāngxiàngduò)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (方向):

→ Japanese: 方向(ほうこう) (hōkō)
→ Korean: 방향(方向) (banghyang)
→ Vietnamese: phương hướng (方向)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
方	向
ほう Grade: 2	こう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 方向 (MC pjang xjangH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーこー [hòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːko̞ː]

Noun

方(ほう)向(こう) • (hōkō)

direction; heading
course (in life etc.), goal
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
内緒(ないしょ)の方向(ほうこう)でお願(ねが)いします。
Naisho no hōkō de o-negai shimasu.
Keep it a secret, please.

Synonyms

(direction): 方角(ほうがく) (hōgaku), 方(ほう) (hō)
(course): 方針(ほうしん) (hōshin), 目当(めあ)て (meate)

Derived terms

方向音痴(ほうこうおんち) (hōkōonchi)

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
方	向

Noun

方向 • (banghyang) (hangeul 방향)

hanja form^? of 방향 (“direction; orientation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
方	向

Noun

方向

chữ Hán form of phương hướng (“direction”)

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun