東方

See also: 东方

Chinese

		east	square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
trad. (東方)		東	方
simp. (东方)		东	方

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dōngfāng

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥㄈㄤ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong¹ fang¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дунфон (dunfon, I-I) / дунфон (dunfon, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ fong¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tûng-fông

(Meixian, Guangdong): dung¹ fong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tong-hong / tang-hong / tang-hng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ huang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄈㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dongfang
  - Wade–Giles: tung¹-fang¹
  - Yale: dūng-fāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfang
  - Palladius: дунфан (dunfan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfāngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄈㄤㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dongfangr
  - Wade–Giles: tung¹-fang¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: dūng-fāngr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfangl
  - Palladius: дунфанр (dunfanr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: dong¹ fang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dungfang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дунфон (dunfon, I-I) / дунфон (dunfon, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/, /tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dung¹ fong¹
  - Yale: dūng fōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ fong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ fong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-fông
  - Hakka Romanization System: dung^ˊ fong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ fong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dung¹ fong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ fɔŋ⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-hong
  - Tâi-lô: tong-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: donghofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hong
  - Tâi-lô: tang-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: danghofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hng
  - Tâi-lô: tang-hng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: danghngf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ hŋ̍³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang¹ huang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang huang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: tuwng pjang

Rime
Character	東	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	德紅切	府良切
Baxter	tuwng	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung¹	fong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ C-paŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ paŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	方
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	fāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ pjang ›
Old Chinese	/tˁoŋ/ (< tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*C-paŋ/
English	east	square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	方
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	2435	3023
Phonetic component	東	方
Rime group	東	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	方
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*paŋ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注	甲金文象槳即榜初文，下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

東方

east

Proper noun

東方

the East; the Orient
崛起東方／崛起东方 ― juéqǐ dōngfāng ― the rising East

她教授東方美術史。 [MSC, trad.]
她教授东方美术史。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā jiàoshòu dōngfāng měishùshǐ. [Pinyin]
She teaches Eastern art history.
a Chinese compound surname
東方朔／东方朔 ― Dōngfāng Shuò ― Dongfang Shuo
(～市) Dongfang (a sub-prefectural city of Hainan, China)
(～省) Dornod (a province of Mongolia)
(ACG) short for 東方Project／东方Project (“Touhou Project, a bullet hell video game series”)

Derived terms

東方主義 / 东方主义 (dōngfāng zhǔyì)
東方之珠 / 东方之珠 (Dōngfāng zhī zhū)
東方人 / 东方人 (dōngfāngrén)
東方紅 / 东方红 (Dōngfānghóng)
東方閃電 / 东方闪电 (Dōngfāng Shǎndiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東方):

→ Japanese: 東方(とうほう) (tōhō)
→ Korean: 동방(東方) (dongbang)
→ Vietnamese: đông phương (東方)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
東	方
とう Grade: 2	ほう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーほー [tòóhóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːho̞ː]

Noun

東(とう)方(ほう) • (tōhō) ^{←とうはう (toufau)^?}

east, east area

Related terms

Proper noun

東(とう)方(ほう) • (Tōhō)

short for 東方Project (Tōhō Purojekuto, “Touhou Project, a popular bullet hell video game series”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
東	方
ひがし Grade: 2	かた Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
東	方
ひがし Grade: 2	かた > がた Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひがしかた [hìgáshíkátá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [çiɡa̠ɕika̠ta̠]

IPA^(key): [çiɡa̠ɕiɡa̠ta̠]

Noun

東(ひがし)方(かた) or 東(ひがし)方(がた) • (higashikata or higashigata)

east (compass point, direction)
the fighters on the east side in a match

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
東	方

Noun

東方 • (dongbang) (hangeul 동방)

hanja form^? of 동방 (“east", "eastward", "orient”)

Derived terms

동방종개 (dongbangjonggae), literally means "eastern spine loach"

Related terms

西方 (서방, seobang): west, westward, occident
北方 (북방, bukbang): north, northward
南方 (남방, nambang): south, southward

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]