機關

See also: 機関 and 机关

Chinese

	machine; opportunity; secret	to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass
trad. (機關)	機	關
simp. (机关)	机	关
anagram	關機／关机

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīguān

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄍㄨㄢ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei¹ gwaan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gei¹ gan¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kî-kôan

(Hailu, HRS): gi^ˋ guan^ˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi¹ guang¹ / gi¹ guong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ki-koan

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ guang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīguān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄍㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiguan
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹-kuan¹
  - Yale: jī-gwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiguan
  - Palladius: цзигуань (cziguanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    機關 / 机关
    箕關 / 箕关
    雞冠 / 鸡冠
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei¹ gwaan¹
  - Yale: gēi gwāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ gwaan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ guan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gei¹ gan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³³ kan³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-kôan
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ guan^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ guan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯an²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˋ guan^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³ kuan⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹ guang¹ [Phonetic: gi⁵ uang¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi-guang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(k-)uaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹ guong¹ [Phonetic: gi⁵ uong¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(k-)uoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-koan
  - Tâi-lô: ki-kuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'koafn
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ kuan³³⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ kuan³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi¹ guang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki kuang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: kj+j kwaen

Rime
Character	機	關
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	居依切	古還切
Baxter	kj+j	kwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨi/	/kˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨi/	/kʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəi/	/kuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨj/	/kwaɨn/
Li Rong	/kiəi/	/kuan/
Wang Li	/kĭəi/	/kwan/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ke̯i/	/kwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹	gwaan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kəj [k]ˤro[n]|kˤro[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯl kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	機	關	關	關
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	guān	guān	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨj ›	‹ kwæn ›	‹ kwæn ›	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*kəj/	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*kˁro[n]/
English	mechanism	barrier	關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry]	間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	機	關
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5788	8640
Phonetic component	幾	卵
Rime group	微	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	機	關
Old Chinese	/*kɯl/	/*kroːn/

Noun

機關

government organization; institution; institute; organ; agency; body; authority (Classifier: 個／个 m)
金融機關／金融机关 ― jīnróng jīguān ― financial institution

慈善機關／慈善机关 ― císhàn jīguān ― charitable organisation

研究機關／研究机关 ― yánjiū jīguān ― research institute

司法機關／司法机关 ― sīfǎ jīguān ― judicial authorities

民政機關／民政机关 ― mínzhèng jīguān ― civil administration organ

機關幹部／机关干部 ― jīguān gànbù ― government officer

最高立法機關／最高立法机关 ― zuìgāo lìfǎ jīguān ― top legislative body
mechanism (Classifier: 個／个 m)
啟動機關／启动机关 ― qǐdòng jīguān ― starting mechanism
(figurative) scheme; intrigue