歉
See also: 欠
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Translingual
Han character
歉 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿金弓人 (TCNO) or 難廿金弓人 (XTCNO), four-corner 87282, composition ⿰兼欠)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 570, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16159
- Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 30
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2148, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6B49
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
歉 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 倩 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 歉 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 譧 | *r'eːms |
| 賺 | *r'eːms |
| 尲 | *kreːm |
| 鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
| 歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
| 槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
| 鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
| 稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
| 豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
| 甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
| 廉 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
| 簾 | *ɡ·rem |
| 薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
| 嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
| 溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
| 嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
| 隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
| 熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
| 縑 | *keːm |
| 鶼 | *keːm |
| 蒹 | *keːm |
| 搛 | *keːm |
| 謙 | *kʰeːm |
| 膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
| 傔 | *kʰeːms |
| 馦 | *qʰeːm |
| 嫌 | *ɡeːm |
| 鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
| 尷 | *kreːm |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms): phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms) + semantic 欠 (“person with mouth open”) to convey the original meaning of feeling hunger after eating. The phonetic component 兼 could be a reference to food since it represents a hand holding two crop plants.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
- Wade–Giles: chʻien4
- Yale: chyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hip3 / him3
- Yale: hip / him
- Cantonese Pinyin: hip8 / him3
- Guangdong Romanization: hib3 / him3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːp̚³/, /hiːm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm
- Tâi-lô: khiàm
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiaxm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiám
- Tâi-lô: khiám
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiarm
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰiam⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam
- Tâi-lô: khiam
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiafm
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiam⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiam2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiám
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiam⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: khemX, kheamX, kheamH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤremʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰreːms/, /*kʰreːmʔ/, /*kʰeːmʔ/, /*kʰeːms/
Definitions
歉
- deficient; lacking; insufficient
- to apologize
- to regret; to be dissatisfied
- crop failure; poor harvest
- (obsolete) to not eat enough food
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
歉
- insufficiency, lack, shortage (あきたりない)
- crop failure (すくない)
Readings
References
- “歉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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Vietnamese
Han character
歉: Hán Nôm readings: gồm, khiểm, khiễm, khiệm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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