涎
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Translingual
Han character
涎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水弓大一 (ENKM) or 水弓大女 (ENKV), four-corner 32141, composition ⿰氵延)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 626, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17536
- Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1610, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6D8E
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljan, *lans): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 涎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 涎 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”).
Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): han1
- Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xián
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyan²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin4
- Yale: yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jen²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sièn
- Hakka Romanization System: xienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xian2
- Sinological IPA: /si̯en¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: yan2
- Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân
- Tâi-lô: siân
- Phofsit Daibuun: sieen
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /siɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
- Tâi-lô: iân
- Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iêng6 / iang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iĕng / iăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieŋ³⁵/, /iaŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: zjen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-qa[r]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ljan/
Definitions
涎
Synonyms
Compounds
- 刮涎
- 口涎 (kǒuxián)
- 唾涎
- 嘻皮涎臉
- 垂涎 (chuíxián)
- 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
- 垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
- 失涎
- 拖涎
- 染指垂涎
- 沈涎
- 流涎
- 流涎症
- 涎不癡 / 涎不痴
- 涎不答
- 涎利
- 涎吐
- 涎唾
- 涎尾
- 涎水 (xiánshuǐ)
- 涎沫 (xiánmò)
- 涎涎瞪瞪
- 涎涎鄧鄧 / 涎涎邓邓
- 涎滑
- 涎滴
- 涎漫
- 涎濊 / 涎𰛦
- 涎玉沫珠
- 涎皮涎臉 / 涎皮涎脸
- 涎皮賴臉 / 涎皮赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)
- 涎眉鄧眼 / 涎眉邓眼
- 涎睨
- 涎瞪
- 涎瞪瞪
- 涎縷 / 涎缕
- 涎纏 / 涎缠
- 涎腺 (xiánxiàn)
- 涎臉 / 涎脸
- 涎臉涎皮 / 涎脸涎皮
- 涎臉餳眼 / 涎脸饧眼
- 涎言涎語 / 涎言涎语
- 涎鄧鄧 / 涎邓邓
- 清涎
- 漫涎
- 痰涎
- 稠涎
- 粘涎
- 蛇涎
- 蛟涎
- 蝸涎 / 蜗涎
- 迤涎
- 邪涎
- 野狐涎
- 頑涎 / 顽涎
- 飛涎 / 飞涎
- 饞涎 / 馋涎
- 饞涎欲垂 / 馋涎欲垂
- 饞涎欲滴 / 馋涎欲滴 (chánxiányùdī)
- 香涎
- 鬼狐涎
- 黏涎
- 黏涎子
- 龍涎 / 龙涎 (lóngxián)
- 龍涎香 / 龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)
Etymology 2
| trad. | 涎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 涎 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: yenH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*lans/
Adjective
涎
- only used in 湎涎
Etymology 3
| trad. | 涎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 涎 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
- Wade–Giles: tien4
- Yale: dyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
- Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
涎
- only used in 涎涎
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 涎 – see 瀾 (“saliva”). (This character is a variant form of 瀾). |
References
- “涎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 涎 |
| よだり Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 洟 (rare) |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1][2][3]
Ultimately a compound of よ (yo, meaning uncertain) + 垂り (tari, “hanging down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of intransitive 四段 (yodan, “quadrigrade”) conjugation verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”)).[1] The tari changes to dari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Superseded by the yodare reading, once the base verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”) had shifted from the quadrigrade conjugation pattern to the lower bigrade pattern in the 15-1600s: see modern form 垂れる (tareru).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jo̞da̠ɾʲi]
Noun
涎 • (yodari)
- [720–1600s?] (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose
- Synonyms: 洟垂 (hanatare, vulgar), 鼻汁 (hanajiru)
- [720–1600s?] (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth
- Synonym: 涎 (yodare, modern term)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 涎 |
| よだれ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Shift from earlier yodari reading, due to the base verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”) shifting from the quadrigrade conjugation pattern to the lower bigrade pattern in the 15-1600s: see modern form 垂れる (tareru).
First attested in a dictionary from 1548.[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
涎 • (yodare)
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “洟・涎”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ “涎”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
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Vietnamese
Han character
涎: Hán Nôm readings: diên, nhiện
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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