瑞士

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (瑞士)		瑞	士

Etymology

From French Suisse, borrowed through a southern Chinese dialect (where 瑞 is pronounced with an s- initial). See also 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn).

Attested in A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit (瀛寰志略) [1849] by Xu Jiyu.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Ruìshì

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄕˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seoi⁶ si⁶ / seoi⁶ si^6-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhui⁵ lhu^5*
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sui-sṳ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sui⁴ si⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): Sôi-*sê̤ṳ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sūi-sǐr / Sūi-sū
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zoe-zy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Ruìshì → Ruìshi (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄕˋ → ㄖㄨㄟˋ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Ruèishi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: Jui⁴-shih⁵
  - Yale: Rwèi-shr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ruey.shyh
  - Palladius: Жуйши (Žujši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: seoi⁶ si⁶ / seoi⁶ si^6-2
  - Yale: seuih sih / seuih sí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁶ si⁶ / soey⁶ si^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁶ xi⁶ / sêu⁶ xi^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯²² siː²²/, /sɵy̯²² siː²²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhui⁵ lhu^5*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬui³² ɬu³²⁻³²⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sui-sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sui sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sui⁴ si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /su̯i⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sui⁴ si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /suɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Sôi-*sê̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sui²⁴²⁻⁵³ søy²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sūi-sǐr
  - Tâi-lô: Suī-sǐr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sui⁴¹⁻²² sɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sūi-sū
  - Tâi-lô: Suī-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suixsu
  - IPA (Taipei): /sui³³⁻¹¹ su³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui³³⁻²¹ su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sui²²⁻²¹ su²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zoe-zy
  - MiniDict: zoe^去 zy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zoe-zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²² zz̩⁴⁴/

Proper noun

瑞士

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)
- 1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 5, page 3:
  
  𡒃地利亞，歐羅巴大國也。其商船初抵粵東時，旗畫雙鷹，遂訛稱為雙鷹國。北界普魯士、峩羅斯，南界土耳其，抵亞得亞海隅、意大里亞各國，西界瑞士暨日耳曼各國，東西三千一百餘里，南北一千八百餘里。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  奥地利亚，欧罗巴大国也。其商船初抵粤东时，旗画双鹰，遂讹称为双鹰国。北界普鲁士、峩罗斯，南界土耳其，抵亚得亚海隅、意大里亚各国，西界瑞士暨日耳曼各国，东西三千一百余里，南北一千八百余里。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Àodìlìyà, Ōuluóbā dàguó yě. Qí shāngchuán chū dǐ Yuèdōng shí, qí huà shuāng yīng, suì é chēngwéi Shuāngyīngguó. Běi jiè Pǔlǔshì, Éluósī, nán jiè Tǔ'ěrqí, dǐ Yàdéyà hǎiyú, Yìdàlǐyà gèguó, xī jiè Ruìshì jì Rì'ěrmàn gèguó, dōngxī sān qiān yībǎi yú lǐ, nánběi yīqiān bābǎi yú lǐ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

(official name) 瑞士聯邦／瑞士联邦 (Ruìshì Liánbāng, “Swiss Confederation”)
(obsolete) 瑞西 (Ruìxī)

Derived terms

瑞士乳桿菌 / 瑞士乳杆菌 (Ruìshì rǔgānjūn)
瑞士人 (ruìshìrén)
瑞士刀 (ruìshìdāo)
瑞士捲 / 瑞士卷 (ruìshìjuǎn)
瑞士汁 (ruìshìzhī)
瑞士軍刀 / 瑞士军刀 (Ruìshì jūndāo)
瑞士軍官刀 / 瑞士军官刀 (Ruìshì jūnguān dāo)
瑞士雞翼 / 瑞士鸡翼 (Ruìshì jīyì)

Korean

Hanja in this term
瑞	士

Proper noun

瑞士 • (Seosa) (hangeul 서사)

(obsolete) hanja form^? of 서사 (“Switzerland”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
瑞	士

Proper noun

瑞士

chữ Hán form of Thuỵ Sĩ (“Switzerland”)