土耳其

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (土耳其)		土	耳	其
simp. ^#(土耳其)		土	耳	其

Etymology

First attested in 1820, in 察世俗每月統記傳 (Chng, 2022).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Tǔ'ěrqí

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tou² ji⁵ kei⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Thú-ngí-khì

(Meixian, Guangdong): tu³ ngi³ ki²
Eastern Min (BUC): Tū-ī-gì
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Thó͘-ní-kî / Thó͘-jíⁿ-kî / Thó͘-nī-kî

(Teochew, Peng'im): tou² re² ki⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵thu-gher-ji

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Tǔ'ěrqí [Phonetic: túěrqí]
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔ-ěrcí
  - Wade–Giles: Tʻu³-êrh³-chʻi²
  - Yale: Tǔ-ěr-chí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuueelchyi
  - Palladius: Туэрци (Tuerci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tou² ji⁵ kei⁴
  - Yale: tóu yíh kèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tou² ji⁵ kei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tou² yi⁵ kéi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³ kʰei̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thú-ngí-khì
  - Hakka Romanization System: tu^ˋ ngi^ˋ ki^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tu³ ngi³ ki²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu³¹ ŋi³¹ kʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tu³ ngi³ ki²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu³¹ ŋi³¹ kʰi¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Tū-ī-gì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³³⁻²¹ i³³⁻²¹ ^(k-)i⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thó͘-ní-kî
  - Tâi-lô: Thóo-ní-kî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tofny'kii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thó͘-jíⁿ-kî
  - Tâi-lô: Thóo-jínn-kî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tofjvy'kii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thó͘-nī-kî
  - Tâi-lô: Thóo-nī-kî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tofnixkii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nĩ³³⁻²¹ ki²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ³³⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tou² re² ki⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóu jṳ́ khî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰi⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵thu-gher-ji
  - MiniDict: thu^去 r ji
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²thu-hher-jji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰu³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ d͡ʑi²¹/

Proper noun

土耳其

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)
- 1837, “經書”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統紀傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 8:
  
  未能印書之際，匈奴、土耳其、蒙古，各蠻族，侵歐羅巴諸國。以後文書消亡磨滅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  未能印书之际，匈奴、土耳其、蒙古，各蛮族，侵欧罗巴诸国。以后文书消亡磨灭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Wèinéng yìn shū zhī jì, Xiōngnú, Tǔ'ěrqí, Ménggǔ, gè mánzú, qīn Ōuluóbā zhūguó. Yǐhòu wénshū xiāowáng mómiè. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 6, page 11:
  
  泰西諸國跨亞細亞歐羅巴兩土者，惟峩羅斯與土耳其兩國。土耳其疆域之大，不及峩羅斯，而擅膏腴之壤，據形便之地，百年來逐鹿紛紛，迄無止戈之日。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  泰西诸国跨亚细亚欧罗巴两土者，惟峩罗斯与土耳其两国。土耳其疆域之大，不及峩罗斯，而擅膏腴之壤，据形便之地，百年来逐鹿纷纷，迄无止戈之日。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Tàixī zhū guó kuà Yàxìyà Ōuluóbā liǎng tǔ zhě, wéi Éluósī yǔ Tǔ'ěrqí liǎng guó. Tǔ'ěrqí jiāngyù zhī dà, bùjí Éluósī, ér shàn gāoyú zhī rǎng, jù xíngbiàn zhī dì, bǎinián lái zhúlù fēnfēn, qì wú zhǐgē zhī rì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

土國／土国
(Internet slang) 土雞／土鸡 (tǔjī), 土雞國／土鸡国

Derived terms

土耳其主義 / 土耳其主义 (Tǔ'ěrqí zhǔyì)
土耳其人 (Tǔ'ěrqírén)
土耳其文 (tǔ'ěrqíwén)
土耳其語 / 土耳其语 (tǔ'ěrqíyǔ)

Korean

Hanja in this term
土	耳	其

Proper noun

土耳其 • (Toigi) (hangeul 토이기)

hanja form^? of 토이기 (“Turkey”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
土	耳	其

Proper noun

土耳其

chữ Hán form of Thổ Nhĩ Kì (“Turkey”)