鷹
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Translingual
Han character
鷹 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 戈土竹日火 (IGHAF), four-corner 00227, composition ⿸䧹鳥)
Derived characters
- 𪿅, 𬷺, 𪈾
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1501, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47377
- Dae Jaweon: page 2031, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4666, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9DF9
Chinese
| trad. | 鷹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鹰 | |
| 2nd round simp. | ⿰应鸟 | |
| alternative forms | 䧹 | |
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯŋ): phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
Etymology
Cognate with Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”), etc. (Benedict, 1972; STEDT); and possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qə-lə(ŋ~k) (“bird of prey”), which in turn likely is related to Proto-Austroasiatic *klaːŋ (“eagle, hawk”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”), etc.. Compare also Proto-Hmong-Mien *qlaŋX (“eagle, hawk”).
This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): in1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ing1
- Northern Min (KCR): áing
- Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1in
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ying
- Wade–Giles: ying1
- Yale: yīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
- Palladius: ин (in)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
- Sinological IPA (key): /in⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jing1
- Yale: yīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jing1
- Guangdong Romanization: ying1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên / yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: enˊ / inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: en1 / yin1
- Sinological IPA: /en²⁴/, /in²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên / yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: enˊ / (r)inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: en1 / yin1
- Sinological IPA: /en²⁴/, /(j)in²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhinˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ʒin⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: yin1
- Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: áing
- Sinological IPA (key): /aiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ing1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ing
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
- Tâi-lô: ing
- Phofsit Daibuun: efng
- IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: êng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng
- Sinological IPA (key): /eŋ³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: 'ing
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)əŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qɯŋ/
Definitions
鷹
- bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons), or Strigiformes (owls)
- 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 以賽亞書 [Isaiah] 40:31:
- 但那等候耶和華的、必重新得力、他們必如鷹展翅上騰、他們奔跑卻不困倦、行走卻不疲乏。 [MSC, trad.]
- Dàn nà děnghòu yēhéhuá de, bì zhòngxīn délì, tāmen bì rú yīng zhǎnchì shàngténg, tāmen bēnpǎo què bù kùnjuàn, xíngzǒu què bù pífá. [Pinyin]
- but those who wait for Yahweh will renew their strength. They will mount up with wings like eagles. They will run, and not be weary. They will walk, and not faint. [World English Bible]
但那等候耶和华的、必重新得力、他们必如鹰展翅上腾、他们奔跑却不困倦、行走却不疲乏。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
Compounds
- 兀鷹 / 兀鹰 (wùyīng)
- 南鷂北鷹 / 南鹞北鹰
- 夜鷹 / 夜鹰 (yèyīng)
- 天鷹星座 / 天鹰星座
- 如鷹在籠 / 如鹰在笼
- 按鷹 / 按鹰
- 放鷹 / 放鹰 (fàngyīng)
- 放鷹逐犬 / 放鹰逐犬
- 熬鷹 / 熬鹰
- 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
- 獵鷹 / 猎鹰 (lièyīng)
- 禿鷹 / 秃鹰 (tūyīng)
- 老鷹 / 老鹰 (lǎoyīng)
- 蒼鷹 / 苍鹰 (cāngyīng)
- 虎嘯鷹揚 / 虎啸鹰扬
- 虎視鷹瞵 / 虎视鹰瞵
- 見兔放鷹 / 见兔放鹰
- 角鷹 / 角鹰
- 貓頭鷹 / 猫头鹰 (māotóuyīng)
- 雀鷹 / 雀鹰
- 韝上鷹 / 𫖕上鹰
- 飛鷹走犬 / 飞鹰走犬
- 飛鷹走狗 / 飞鹰走狗
- 飛鷹走馬 / 飞鹰走马
- 飢鷹餓虎 / 饥鹰饿虎
- 餓虎飢鷹 / 饿虎饥鹰
- 魚鷹 / 鱼鹰 (yúyīng)
- 鷂鷹 / 鹞鹰 (yàoyīng)
- 鷹勾鼻 / 鹰勾鼻
- 鷹師 / 鹰师
- 鷹式飛彈 / 鹰式飞弹
- 鷹抓燕雀 / 鹰抓燕雀
- 鷹揚 / 鹰扬 (yīngyáng)
- 鷹揚宴 / 鹰扬宴
- 鷹揚虎視 / 鹰扬虎视
- 鷹擊毛摯 / 鹰击毛挚
- 鷹架 / 鹰架
- 鷹洋 / 鹰洋 (yīngyáng)
- 鷹派 / 鹰派 (yīngpài)
- 鷹爪 / 鹰爪
- 鷹爪功 / 鹰爪功
- 鷹爪毛兒 / 鹰爪毛儿
- 鷹犬 / 鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
- 鷹瞵鶚視 / 鹰瞵鹗视
- 鷹視 / 鹰视 (yīngshì)
- 鷹視狼步 / 鹰视狼步
- 鷹視狼顧 / 鹰视狼顾
- 鷹覷鶻望 / 鹰觑鹘望
- 鷹鸇 / 鹰鹯
- 鷹鼻鷂眼 / 鹰鼻鹞眼
References
- “鷹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鷹 |
| たか Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *taka.
Pronunciation
Noun
鷹 or 鷹 • (taka)
- a hawk (predatory bird)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タカ (taka).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鷹 |
| くち Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 鷹 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 鷹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese taka”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN