U+9675, 陵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9675

[U+9674]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9676]
U+F959, 陵
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F959

[U+F958]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F95A]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金水 (NLGCE), four-corner 74247, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𠻱, 𡻴, 𨫭, 𪅋, 𡺿, , 𢁋, , 𡏹

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41704
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1857, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9675

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms


𨻪
𨻎
𨹧


𨻪
𨻎
𨹧
𠡭
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic (mound) + phonetic (OC *rɯŋ, mound; hill). Originally written .

Etymology 1

"mound; hill; gravemound of an emperor"
Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-raŋ (high; long), whence Burmese မြင့် (mrang., high; tall) (STEDT). Also compare (OC *reŋʔ, “mountain ridge”).
"to mount; to transgress; to encroach upon"
The same word as (OC *rɯŋ, “to rise high; to transgress”). May be related to the etymology above (Schuessler, 2007). It is probably cognate with (OC *brɯŋ, “to cross; to mount; to wade”).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /liŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ləŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /liŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /liŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /liŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /liŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /liŋ²⁴/
Xining /liə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /liŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /liŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nin²¹³/
Chengdu /nin³¹/
Guiyang /nin²¹/
Kunming /lĩ³¹/
Nanjing /lin²⁴/
Hefei /lin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /liŋ¹³/
/li¹³/ 地名
Hohhot /lĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /liŋ²³/
Suzhou /lin¹³/
Hangzhou /lin²¹³/
Wenzhou /leŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /liʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lin¹³/
Xiangtan /nin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lin¹¹/
Taoyuan /lin¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /leŋ²¹/
Nanning /leŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /liŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /liŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /leiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /leŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/lieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/liŋ/
Li
Rong
/liəŋ/
Wang
Li
/lĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/li̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ling4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
líng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ling ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]əŋ/
English mound, hill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8246
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rɯŋ/

Definitions

  1. mound; hill
  2. royal or imperial tomb (generally restricted to the tombs of emperors, empresses and empress dowagers, but also used as an honorific for the tomb of Sun Yat-sen, the first president of China)
  3. to go up; to mount; to ascend
    alt. forms: ,  / (líng)
  4. to surpass; to override
    alt. forms: ,  / (líng)
  5. to bully and humiliate; to encroach on; to invade
    alt. forms: ,  / (líng)
  6. to decline; to wane
  7. to sharpen; to temper
  8. a surname

Compounds

  • 下馬陵 / 下马陵
  • 丘陵 (qiūlíng)
  • 中山陵 (Zhōngshānlíng)
  • 乾陵 / 干陵
  • 二陵
  • 五陵 (wǔlíng)
  • 五陵年少 (wǔlíngniánshào)
  • 五陵豪氣 / 五陵豪气
  • 以強陵弱 / 以强陵弱
  • 伯陵
  • 侵陵 (qīnlíng)
  • 信陵 (Xìnlíng)
  • 信陵君
  • 十三陵 (Shísānlíng)
  • 哭昭陵
  • 嘉陵江 (Jiālíng Jiāng)
  • 園陵 / 园陵
  • 墳陵 / 坟陵
  • 壽陵匍匐 / 寿陵匍匐
  • 夷陵 (Yílíng)
  • 子陵 (Zǐlíng)
  • 孝陵
  • 季陵溝 / 季陵沟 (Jìlínggōu)
  • 守陵
  • 安陵 (Ānlíng)
  • 山陵 (shānlíng)
  • 山陵崩
  • 岡陵 / 冈陵 (gānglíng)
  • 島狀丘陵 / 岛状丘陵
  • 巴陵 (Bālíng)
  • 巴陵山
  • 巴陵戲 / 巴陵戏
  • 巴陵郡
  • 廣陵客 / 广陵客
  • 廣陵散 / 广陵散
  • 延陵
  • 延陵掛劍 / 延陵挂剑
  • 張道陵 / 张道陵
  • 徐陵
  • 憑陵 / 凭陵
  • 懷山襄陵 / 怀山襄陵
  • 昭陵
  • 春陵 (Chūnlíng)
  • 昭陵六駿 / 昭陵六骏
  • 暴內陵外 / 暴内陵外
  • 杜陵 (Dùlíng)
  • 李陵
  • 李陵碑
  • 李陵變文 / 李陵变文
  • 東陵瓜 / 东陵瓜
  • 格陵蘭 / 格陵兰 (Gélínglán)
  • 樂陵 / 乐陵 (Làolíng)
  • 欺陵 (qīlíng)
  • 歎皇陵 / 叹皇陵
  • 武陵 (Wǔlíng)
  • 武陵源
  • 毗陵
  • 江陵 (Jiānglíng)
  • 江陵縣 / 江陵县
  • 涪陵 (Fúlíng)
  • 灞陵呵夜
  • 灞陵園 / 灞陵园
  • 灞陵夜獵 / 灞陵夜猎
  • 灞陵尉
  • 灞陵縣 / 灞陵县
  • 灞陵醉尉
  • 王陵
  • 皇陵 (huánglíng)
  • 皖南丘陵
  • 秦始皇陵
  • 秣陵 (Mòlíng)
  • 膠東丘陵 / 胶东丘陵
  • 舂陵
  • 舜陵 (Shùnlíng)
  • 茂陵
  • 蘭陵 / 兰陵 (Lánlíng)
  • 蘭陵溪 / 兰陵溪 (Lánlíngxī)
  • 蘭陵酒 / 兰陵酒
  • 蝦蟆陵 / 虾蟆陵
  • 襄陵
  • 西陵 (Xīlíng)
  • 西陵峽 / 西陵峡 (Xīlíngxiá)
  • 西陵歌舞
  • 迦陵頻伽 / 迦陵频伽 (jiālíngpínjiā)
  • 違強陵弱 / 违强陵弱
  • 鄢陵 (Yānlíng)
  • 鄢陵縣 / 鄢陵县
  • 金陵 (Jīnlíng)
  • 金陵八家
  • 銅陵 / 铜陵 (Tónglíng)
  • 長陵 / 长陵
  • 陵上虐下
  • 陵丘
  • 陵園 / 陵园 (língyuán)
  • 陵土未乾 / 陵土未干
  • 陵墓 (língmù)
  • 陵壓 / 陵压
  • 陵夷 (língyí)
  • 陵寢 / 陵寝 (língqǐn)
  • 陵廟 / 陵庙
  • 陵忽
  • 陵折
  • 陵暴 (língbào)
  • 陵替 (língtì)
  • 陵犯
  • 陵苕
  • 陵虐 (língnüè)
  • 陵谷 (línggǔ)
  • 陵轢 / 陵轹
  • 陵遲 / 陵迟
  • 陰陵失道 / 阴陵失道
  • 陵雨
  • 陵霄
  • 陵魚 / 陵鱼
  • 陽陵虎符 / 阳陵虎符
  • 霸陵呵夜
  • 霸陵尉
  • 霸陵折柳
  • 霸陵縣 / 霸陵县
  • 霸陵醉尉
  • 竟陵八友
  • 竟陵體 / 竟陵体
  • 高陵 (Gāolíng)
  • 鬱陵 / 郁陵 (Yùlíng)
  • 黃陵 / 黄陵
  • 黃陵廟 / 黄陵庙 (Huánglíngmiào)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) elevated area of a terrain or water surface
  2. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) back (of a vertebrate)

Compounds

  • 山陵 (Hokkien)
  • 湧陵 / 涌陵
  • 牛陵
  • 魚陵 / 鱼陵

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. mausoleum
  2. imperial tomb
  3. hill; height
    Synonyms: ,
  4. to stave off
    Synonym:

Readings

  • Go-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)りよう (ryou, historical)
  • Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)りよう (ryou, historical)
  • Kun: おか (oka, )をか (woka, , historical)しのぐ (shinogu, 陵ぐ)みささぎ (misasagi, , Jōyō)
  • Nanori: おか (oka)たか (taka)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
みささぎ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ささぎ [mìsáságí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [mʲisa̠sa̠ɡʲi]

Noun

(みささぎ) • (misasagi

  1. imperial tomb
    Synonyms: (ryō), 陵墓 (ryōbo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
りょう
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC ling).

Pronunciation

Noun

(りょう) • (ryōりよう (ryou)?

  1. imperial tomb
Synonyms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC ling). Recorded as Middle Korean 르ᇰ (lung) (Yale: lung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

(eumhun 언덕 (eondeok reung), word-initial (South Korea) 언덕 (eondeok neung))

  1. hanja form? of / (small hill; mound)
  2. hanja form? of / (imperial tomb)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Okinawan

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

  • Kun: うどぅん (udun)

Compounds

  • (たまう)(どぅん) (Tamaudun)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.