秘書
Chinese
| secret | book; letter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (秘書/祕書) | 秘/祕 | 書 | |
| simp. (秘书) | 秘 | 书 | |
| nonstandard simp. | 祕书 | ||
Etymology
In premodern China, originally the title for a government position in charge of reports to the throne, and imperial correspondence and directives.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bei3 syu1
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'bi4 xy1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): bé-cṳ̆
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5pi-sy1
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bei4 xy1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: mìshū → mìshu (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ → ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: mìshů
- Wade–Giles: mi4-shu5
- Yale: mì-shu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih.shu
- Palladius: мишу (mišu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/ → /mi⁵¹ ʂu¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 密書 / 密书
秘書 / 秘书
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: bīshù / mīshù
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): bi4 shu1 / mi4 shu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁴⁴ ʂu³¹/, /mi⁴⁴ ʂu³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bei3 syu1
- Yale: bei syū
- Cantonese Pinyin: bei3 sy1
- Guangdong Romanization: béi3 xu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯³³ syː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-sû
- Hakka Romanization System: bi suˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bi4 su1
- Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ su²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: biˇ shuˋ
- Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹ ʃu⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-su
- Tâi-lô: pì-su
- Phofsit Daibuun: piesw
- IPA (Philippines): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-sir
- Tâi-lô: pì-sir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-si
- Tâi-lô: pì-si
- Phofsit Daibuun: piesy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bi3 ze1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì tsṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Wu
- Xiang
Noun
秘書
- secretary (person who does clerical work) (Classifier: 名 m)
- (historical) title for an official in charge of reports to the throne as well as imperial correspondence and directives [est. 159 CE]
- 謹以二尺黃紙寫上，請事平，以本簡書及所新寫並付祕書繕寫，藏之中經，副在三閣。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 280s, the preface to The Travels of Mu, Son of Heaven written by Xun Xu, translated by Cheng Te-k’un
- Jǐn yǐ èr chǐ huáng zhǐ xiě shàng, qǐng shì píng, yǐ běn jiǎnshū jí suǒ xīn xiě bìng fù bìshū shànxiě, cáng zhī zhōngjīng, fù zài sāngé. [Pinyin]
- Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.
谨以二尺黄纸写上，请事平，以本简书及所新写并付秘书缮写，藏之中经，副在三阁。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Derived terms
See also
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 秘 | 書 |
| ひ Grade: 6 |
しょ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 祕書 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ひしょ [h
íꜜshò] (Atamadaka – [1]) - (Tokyo) ひしょ [h
ìshóꜜ] (Odaka – [2]) non-lexical pitch that some speakers employ to reconcile coinciding devoicing and accenting - IPA(key): [çi̥ɕo̞]
Noun
秘書 • (hisho)
- secretary (person keeping records and handling clerical work)
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 秘 | 書 |
Noun
秘書 • (biseo) (hangeul 비서)
- alternative spelling of 祕書
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 秘 | 書 |
Noun
秘書