竟然
Chinese
unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed |
so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (竟然) | 竟 | 然 | |
| simp. #(竟然) | 竟 | 然 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging2 jin4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jìngrán
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìngrán
- Wade–Giles: ching4-jan2
- Yale: jìng-rán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqran
- Palladius: цзинжань (czinžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging2 jin4
- Yale: gíng yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging2 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: ging2 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-liân
- Tâi-lô: kìng-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: keanglieen
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-jiân
- Tâi-lô: kìng-jiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: keangjieen
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-jiân
- Tâi-lô: kíng-jiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefngjieen
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêng2 riang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng jiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
Adverb
竟然
- unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly
- (archaic) finally
Synonyms
- (unexpectedly):
Dialectal synonyms of 居然 (“unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 居然, 竟然, 竟 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 居然, 竟然 |
| Singapore | 竟然 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 敢, 硬敢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 居然 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 竟然 |
| Hong Kong | 竟然, 居然, 竟然間 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 煞, 竟然 |
| Quanzhou | 煞, 竟然 | |
| Zhangzhou | 煞, 竟然 | |
| Tainan | 煞, 竟然 | |
| Jieyang | 夰, 紲, 一回, 落, 敢敢 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 居然, 竟然, 竟, 先勿先, 伊講 |