境界

Chinese

		border; place; condition border; place; condition; boundary; circumstances; territory	boundary; scope; extent boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)
simp. and trad. (境界)		境	界
2nd round simp.		㘫界

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìngjiè

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging² gaai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin-kie
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kéng-kài

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìngjiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìngjiè
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴-chieh⁴
  - Yale: jìng-jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqjieh
  - Palladius: цзинцзе (czincze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ging² gaai³
  - Yale: gíng gaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging² gaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging² gai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵ kaːi̯³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    境界
    警戒
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin-kie
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin gie
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴ gie⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵ ki̯e⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-kài
  - Tâi-lô: kíng-kài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefngkaix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/

Noun

境界

boundary (line marking the limits of a physical area)
realm; state; extent reached
沒想到短短一個月，他的廚藝竟然已進步到這個境界！ [MSC, trad.]
没想到短短一个月，他的厨艺竟然已进步到这个境界！ [MSC, simp.]
Méi xiǎngdào duǎnduǎn yīge yuè, tā de chúyì jìngrán yǐ jìnbù dào zhège jìngjiè! [Pinyin]
Who would have thought that in a short little month, his cooking would have improved to this extent!

Synonyms

(boundary):

區宇 / 区宇 (qūyǔ) (literary)
國土 / 国土 (guótǔ) (of a country)
國界 / 国界 (guójiè) (national boundary)
土地
幅員 / 幅员 (fúyuán)
提封 (tífēng) (literary)
版圖 / 版图 (bǎntú)
版籍 (bǎnjí) (literary)
疆土 (jiāngtǔ) (of a country)
疆域 (jiāngyù)
疆理 (jiānglǐ) (literary)
疆界 (jiāngjiè)
領土 / 领土 (lǐngtǔ)
領地 / 领地 (lǐngdì)

(realm):

份 (fèn)
地步 (dìbù)
水平 (shuǐpíng)
水準 / 水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
程度 (chéngdù)
高度 (gāodù)

Related terms

境地 (jìngdì)
意境 (yìjìng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
境	界
きょう Grade: 5	かい Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーかい [kyòókáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːka̠i]

Noun

境(きょう)界(かい) • (kyōkai) ^{←きやうかい (kyaukai)^?}

boundary (of two lands etc.)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
境	界

Noun

境界 • (gyeonggye) (hangeul 경계)

hanja form^? of 경계 (“boundary”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
境	界

Noun

境界

chữ Hán form of cảnh giới (“realm, state, extent reached”)