緊張

See also: 紧张

Chinese

		tight; nervous; strict	(a measure word); surname; open up
trad. (緊張)		緊	張
simp. (紧张)		紧	张

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐnzhāng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan² zoeng¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gin² ziang^1*
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kín-chông

(Hailu, HRS): gin^ˊ zhong^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gin³ zong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kín-tiuⁿ / kín-tiang / kán-chiong / kín-chiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): ging² ziang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐnzhāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐnjhang
  - Wade–Giles: chin³-chang¹
  - Yale: jǐn-jāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiinjang
  - Palladius: цзиньчжан (czinʹčžan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan² zoeng¹
  - Yale: gán jēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan² dzoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen² zêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gin² ziang^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kin⁵⁵ t͡siaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chông
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˋ zong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin³ zong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˊ zhong^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃoŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gin³ zong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kín-tiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kyndviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiang
  - Tâi-lô: kín-tiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kyndiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: kán-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafnciofng
  - IPA (Singapore): /kan⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /kan⁴⁴⁵⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: kín-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kynciofng
  - IPA (Penang): /kin⁴⁴⁵⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ³³/

Note: kán-chiong - from Cantonese pronunciation.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ging² ziang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kíng tsiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ³³/

Adjective

緊張

nervous; worried; stressed; anxious
我有什麼好緊張的呀？ [MSC, trad.]
我有什么好紧张的呀？ [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ yǒu shénme hǎo jǐnzhāng de ya? [Pinyin]
What have I got to be worried about?
(of muscle, rope, etc.) tense; taut
(of situation etc.) tense; intense; acute; fierce; pressing
擴大緊張形勢／扩大紧张形势 ― kuòdà jǐnzhāng xíngshì ― to escalate tensions
in short supply; scarce
fast-paced

Synonyms

(worried):

edit

不安 (bù'ān)
心急 (xīnjí)
擔憂 / 担忧 (dānyōu)
灼熱 / 灼热 (zhuórè)
焦切 (jiāoqiè) (literary)
焦急 (jiāojí)
焦慮 / 焦虑 (jiāolǜ)
焦灼 (jiāozhuó) (literary)
著急 / 着急 (zháojí)

(pressing):

edit

亟亟 (jíjí) (literary)
促迫 (cùpò)
倥傯 / 倥偬 (kǒngzǒng) (literary)
切切 (qièqiè) (literary)
加急 (jiājí) (attributive, of a telegram, test, etc.)
卒暴 (cùbào) (literary)
危迫 (wēipò) (literary)
吃緊 / 吃紧 (chījǐn)
孔亟 (kǒngjí)
孔急 (kǒngjí)
急 (jí)
急促 (jícù)
急切 (jíqiè)
急急 (jíjí) (literary)
急要 (jíyào) (literary)
急迫 (jípò)
打緊 / 打紧 (dǎjǐn)
火急 (huǒjí)
窘促 (jiǒngcù)
緊促 / 紧促 (jǐncù)
緊急 / 紧急 (jǐnjí)
緊要 / 紧要 (jǐnyào)
緊迫 / 紧迫 (jǐnpò)
緊逼逼 / 紧逼逼 (Hokkien)
要緊 / 要紧 (yàojǐn)
迫切 (pòqiè)
遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
險急 / 险急 (xiǎnjí)

(in short supply): 緊缺／紧缺 (jǐnquē)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “tense”): 輕鬆／轻松 (qīngsōng)
(antonym(s) of “tense; taut”): 鬆弛／松弛 (sōngchí)

Derived terms

創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群 / 创伤后心理压力紧张症候群 (chuāngshānghòu xīnlǐ yālì jǐnzhāng zhènghòuqún)
緊張性 / 紧张性 (jǐnzhāngxìng)

Descendants

→ English: kan cheong

Japanese

Kanji in this term
緊	張
きん Grade: S	ちょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きんちょー [kìńchóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [kʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun

緊(きん)張(ちょう) • (kinchō)

physical tension, strain
mental strain, nervousness
tension in a relationship
the contracted state of a muscle

Derived terms

緊張緩和(きんちょうかんわ) (kinchō kanwa, “détente”)

Verb

緊(きん)張(ちょう)する • (kinchō suru) intransitive suru (stem 緊(きん)張(ちょう)し (kinchō shi), past 緊(きん)張(ちょう)した (kinchō shita))

be physically tense
be mentally tense, be nervous
for a relationship to suffer tension
for a muscle to contract

Conjugation

Conjugation of "緊張する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	緊張し	きんちょうし	kinchō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	緊張し	きんちょうし	kinchō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	緊張する	きんちょうする	kinchō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	緊張する	きんちょうする	kinchō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	緊張すれ	きんちょうすれ	kinchō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	緊張せよ¹ 緊張しろ²	きんちょうせよ¹ きんちょうしろ²	kinchō seyo¹ kinchō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	緊張される	きんちょうされる	kinchō sareru
Causative	緊張させる緊張さす	きんちょうさせるきんちょうさす	kinchō saseru kinchō sasu
Potential	緊張できる	きんちょうできる	kinchō dekiru
Volitional	緊張しよう	きんちょうしよう	kinchō shiyō
Negative	緊張しない	きんちょうしない	kinchō shinai
Negative continuative	緊張せず	きんちょうせず	kinchō sezu
Formal	緊張します	きんちょうします	kinchō shimasu
Perfective	緊張した	きんちょうした	kinchō shita
Conjunctive	緊張して	きんちょうして	kinchō shite
Hypothetical conditional	緊張すれば	きんちょうすれば	kinchō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
緊	張

Noun

緊張 • (ginjang) (hangeul 긴장)

hanja form^? of 긴장

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
緊	張

Adjective

緊張

chữ Hán form of khẩn trương (“urgent”)