芹

芹	U+82B9, 芹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B9

← 芸
[U+82B8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

芺 →
[U+82BA]

Translingual

Han character

芹 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿竹一中 (THML), four-corner 4422₁, composition ⿱艹斤)

Derived characters

𣄄, 𣔠

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1021, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30742
Dae Jaweon: page 1480, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3182, character 3
Unihan data for U+82B9

Chinese

trad.		芹
simp. ^#		芹
alternative forms		斳菦䓅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘄	ɡɯ, kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈	*ɡɯl
頎	*ɡɯl
旂	*ɡɯl
圻	ɡɯl, ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚	ɡɯl, ɡɯːls
岓	*ɡɯl
玂	*ɡɯl
沂	*ŋɡɯl
掀	*qʰan
釿	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋkɯn
齗	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋɡɯn
听	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋɡɯnʔ
垽	ŋrɯns, qɯns
斤	kɯn, kɯns
菦	*kɯnʔ
靳	*kɯns
劤	*kɯns
勁	kɯns, keŋs
赾	*kʰɯnʔ
芹	*ɡɯn
近	ɡɯnʔ, ɡɯns
斦	*ŋɡɯn
欣	*qʰɯn
忻	*qʰɯn
昕	*qʰɯn
訢	*qʰɯn
炘	qʰɯn, qʰɯns
邤	*qʰɯn
庍	qʰɯns, mpreːɡs
焮	*qʰɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯn): semantic 艹 + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qín (qin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qin²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kin³
Gan (Wiktionary): qin²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiùn

(Hailu, HRS): kiun

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiun²
Jin (Wiktionary): qing¹
Northern Min (KCR): ge̿ng
Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̀ng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kyng² / koeng² / king²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khûn / khîn / khîrn

(Teochew, Peng'im): keng⁵ / kêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qin²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qín
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cín
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin²
  - Yale: chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qin²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kan⁴
  - Yale: kàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰin²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiun^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiun²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiun
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiun⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiun²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiun¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ge̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kyng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kṳ́ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kyng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ²⁴/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: koeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœŋ¹³/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: king²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn
  - Tâi-lô: khûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quun
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /kʰun²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn
  - Tâi-lô: khîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰin²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³/
  - IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /kʰin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîrn
  - Tâi-lô: khîrn
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: keng⁵ / kêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂ng / khêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/

Note: kêng5 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶jin
  - MiniDict: jin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin¹³/

Middle Chinese: gj+n

Rime
Character	芹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨斤切
Baxter	gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɢ]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[ɢ]ər/
English	cress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芹
Reading #	1/1
No.	6657
Phonetic component	斤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

芹

Java waterdropwort (Oenanthe javanica)
celery and smallage (Apium graveolens)
(in compounds) other plants similar to Java waterdropwort and celery
(figurative) meager; humble

Compounds

一芹
掇芹
採芹人 / 采芹人
水芹 (shuǐqín)
獻芹 / 献芹
芹意
芹獻 / 芹献
芹菜 (qíncài)
芹藻
茴芹 (huíqín)
采芹
野人獻芹 / 野人献芹
鴨兒芹 / 鸭儿芹

References

“芹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “芹”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 236.

Japanese

Kanji

芹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica)

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: きん (kin)
Kun: せり (seri, 芹)

Compounds

献芹(けんきん) (kenkin)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
芹
せり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せり [sèríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ɾʲi]

Noun

芹(せり) or 芹(セリ) • (seri)

water dropwort, Oenanthe javanica
Hypernym: 春の七草

Coordinate terms: 芹, 薺, 御形, 繁縷, 仏の座, 菘, 蘿蔔

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Derived terms

馬芹(うまぜり) (umazeri)
毒芹(ドクゼリ) (dokuzeri)
沼芹(ヌマゼリ) (numazeri)
浜芹(ハマゼリ) (hamazeri)
山芹(ヤマゼリ) (yamazeri)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

芹 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

芹: Hán Nôm readings: cần

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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