蝮

蝮	U+876E, 蝮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-876E

← 蝭
[U+876D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蝯 →
[U+876F]

Translingual

Han character

蝮 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中戈人日水 (LIOAE), four-corner 5814₇, composition ⿰虫复)

venomous snake, viper

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1091, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33309
Dae Jaweon: page 1556, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2871, character 3
Unihan data for U+876E

Chinese

trad.		蝮
simp. ^#		蝮
alternative forms		蝠𧐛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蝮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	puɡs, puɡ
覆	pʰuɡs, buɡs, pʰɯːɡ, pʰuɡ
復	buɡs, buɡ
椱	buɡs, buɡ
複	buɡs, puɡ
馥	brɯɡ, buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	puɡ, buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	pʰuɡ, buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) proposes possibly relation to either 伏 (OC *bɯɡ, “to lie down”) or Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bu; if the latter case, then from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *N-pu(k) (“insect, worm, snake”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hok

(Teochew, Peng'im): hok⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷foq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fuk¹
  - Yale: fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
  - Tâi-lô: hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hok⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hokʰ²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷foq
  - MiniDict: foh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴foq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: phjuwk

Rime
Character	蝮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	芳福切
Baxter	phjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwk̚/
Li Rong	/pʰiuk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蝮
Reading #	1/1
No.	3547
Phonetic component	复
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*pʰuɡ/

Definitions

蝮

pit viper

Compounds

虺蝮
蝮蛇 (fùshé)
蝮蛇螫手，壯士解腕 / 蝮蛇螫手，壮士解腕

Japanese

Kanji

蝮

(Hyōgai kanji)

pit viper

Readings

Go-on: ふく (fuku)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku)
Kun: まむし (mamushi, 蝮)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蝮
はみ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

/pami₂/ → /pami/ → /fami/ → /hami/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dictionary of 938 CE.^[1]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derivations? also mi₂ might be wrong/”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ha̠mʲi]

Noun

蝮(はみ) or 蝮(ハミ) • (hami)

(dated, possibly obsolete) mamushi, pit viper

Derived terms

くちはみ (kuchihami), くちばみ (kuchibami)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蝮
まむし Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Compound of 真 (ma, “true”) + 虫 (mushi, “snake”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まむし [màmúshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ma̠mɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

蝮(まむし) or 蝮(マムシ) • (mamushi)

synonym of 日本蝮 (Nihon mamushi, “mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii)”)
(by extension) a pit viper, adder
- 1999 July 22, “フレイム・ヴァイパー [Flame Viper]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
  
  シュルシュルと素(す)早(ばや)く動(うご)き、口(くち)から火(か)炎(えん)をはくマムシ。
  Shurushuru to subayaku ugoki, kuchi kara kaen o haku mamushi.
  A pit viper that spits fire and slithers swiftly.
person who is feared by others but gives no harm (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
short for 蝮指 (mamushi-yubi, “a finger with a bent first joint; a finger that can be freely bent”)

Compounds

蝮(マムシ)草(グサ) (mamushigusa, Arisaema serratum)
蝮(まむし)丼(どん) (mamushi-don), 蝮(まむし)丼(どんぶり) (mamushi-donburi, alternative name of 鰻丼)
マムシ属(ぞく) (mamushi-zoku)
日(ニ)本(ホン)蝮(マムシ) (Nihon mamushi, “mamushi”, Gloydius blomhoffii)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

蝮 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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