諺

See also: 谚

諺	U+8AFA, 諺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AFA

← 諹
[U+8AF9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諻 →
[U+8AFB]

Translingual

Han character

諺 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜竹竹 (YRYHH) or 卜口卜大竹 (YRYKH), four-corner 0062₂, composition ⿰訁彦 or ⿰訁彥)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35747
Dae Jaweon: page 1637, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4001, character 2
Unihan data for U+8AFA

Chinese

trad.		諺
simp.		谚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (彦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
喭	ŋaːns, ŋrans
鏟	sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, sŋ̊ʰraːns
産	*sŋreːnʔ
簅	*sreːnʔ
摌	*sreːnʔ
嵼	*sŋreːnʔ
滻	*sŋreːnʔ
顏	*ŋraːn
楌	*ŋraːn
偐	*ŋraːns
齴	*ŋranʔ
遃	*ŋranʔ
嵃	*ŋranʔ
彦	*ŋrans
諺	*ŋrans

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngien / ngian

(Hailu, HRS): ngien^˖
Eastern Min (BUC): ngiêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngeng⁵ / ngieng⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): giān / gān

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
  - Wade–Giles: yen⁴
  - Yale: yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁶
  - Yale: yihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngien
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngian
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋien³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngeng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɛŋ¹¹/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngeng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋe̞ŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ²¹/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giān
  - Tâi-lô: giān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gien
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
  - Tâi-lô: gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡan³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡan²²/

Note:

giān - literary;
gān - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngang⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: ngjenH

Rime
Character	諺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚變切
Baxter	ngjenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋian^H/
Li Rong	/ŋjɛn^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɛn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋra[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjen^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋra[n]-s/
English	saying, proverb
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諺
Reading #	1/1
No.	14413
Phonetic component	彦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	彥
Old Chinese	/*ŋrans/

Definitions

諺

proverb; maxim
Korean hangul
See also: 諺文

《論語諺解》／《论语谚解》 ― “Lùnyǔ yànjiě” ― The Analects, with Korean Translation

Compounds

俗諺 / 俗谚 (súyàn)
俚諺 / 俚谚
俗諺俚語 / 俗谚俚语
古諺 / 古谚 (gǔyàn)
時諺 / 时谚
西諺 / 西谚 (xīyàn)
諺文 / 谚文 (yànwén)
諺言 / 谚言
諺語 / 谚语 (yànyǔ)
農諺 / 农谚 (nóngyàn)
鄙諺 / 鄙谚
里諺
野諺 / 野谚

References

“諺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “谚”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 215.

Japanese

Kanji

諺

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: げん (gen)
Kun: ことわざ (kotowaza, 諺)

Compounds

諺文(ウンムン) (unmun)
諺文(オンモン) (onmon)
諺苑(げんえん) (gen'en)
諺解(げんかい) (genkai)
諺言(げんげん) (gengen)
諺語(げんご) (gengo)
諺文(げんぶん) (genbun)
古諺(こげん) (kogen)
世諺(せいげん) (seigen)
西諺(せいげん) (seigen)
俗諺(ぞくげん) (zokugen)
天気俚諺(てんきりげん) (tenkirigen)
鄙諺(ひげん) (higen)
俚諺(りげん) (rigen)
法諺(ほうげん) (hōgen)

Kanji in this term
諺
ことわざ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Etymology

From 言(こと) (koto) + 業(わざ) (waza).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ことわざ [kòtówázá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) ことわざ [kòtówázáꜜ] (Odaka – [4])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞to̞β̞a̠za̠]

Noun

諺(ことわざ) • (kotowaza)

a proverb (phrase expressing a basic truth)

Usage notes

Both kanji and hiragana form are common.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

諺 • (eon, an) (hangeul 언, 안, revised eon, an, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, an, Yale en, an)

old name for Hangeul, the Korean script; Eonmun
vernacular Korean language (in contrast to written Chinese texts)
a proverb

Vietnamese

Han character

諺: Hán Nôm readings: ngạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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