貧者

Chinese

		poor	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something)
trad. (貧者)		貧	者
simp. (贫者)		贫	者

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pínzhě

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pínzhě
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pínjhě
  - Wade–Giles: pʻin²-chê³
  - Yale: pín-jě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pynjee
  - Palladius: пиньчжэ (pinʹčžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Middle Chinese: bin tsyaeX

Rime
Character	貧	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	符巾切	章也切
Baxter	bin	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiɪn/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚin/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bien/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjin/	/cia^X/
Li Rong	/bjĕn/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Wang Li	/bǐĕn/	/t͡ɕĭa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pín	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pan⁴	ze²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rə[n] tAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*brɯn tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貧	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pín	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ bin ›	‹ tsyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rə[n]/	/*tAʔ/
English	poor	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貧	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3140	16960
Phonetic component	分	者
Rime group	文	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	貧	者
Old Chinese	/*brɯn/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

貧者

(literary) poor person; pauper
Antonym: 富者 (fùzhě)
- 夫用貧求富，農不如工，工不如商；刺繡文不如倚市門，此言末業，貧者之資也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  夫用贫求富，农不如工，工不如商；刺绣文不如倚市门，此言末业，贫者之资也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Fū yòng pín qiú fù, nóng bùrú gōng, gōng bùrú shāng; cì xiùwén bùrú yǐ shìmén, cǐ yán mòyè, pínzhě zhī zī yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (貧者):

→ Japanese: 貧者(ひんじゃ) (hinja)
→ Korean: 빈자(貧者) (binja)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
貧	者
ひん Grade: 5	しゃ > じゃ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [çĩɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]

Noun

貧(ひん)者(じゃ) • (hinja)

poor person; pauper

Korean

Hanja in this term
貧	者

Noun

貧者 • (binja) (hangeul 빈자)

hanja form^? of 빈자 (“poor person; pauper”)