See also: , , , and
U+8FAD, 辭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FAD

[U+8FAC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8FAE]

Translingual

Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

(Kangxi radical 160, 辛+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月月卜廿十 (BBYTJ), four-corner 20241, composition 𤔔)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38671
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1732, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4043, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+8FAD

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 𤔔 (govern) + (punishment) – litigation.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • so2 - literary;
  • si2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • sîr/sû - literary;
  • sî - vernacular.
Note: se5 - diction, phraseology (in 修辭, 講辭).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Kunming /t͡sʰz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰz̩¹³/
/sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sz̩¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zz̩¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰï¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su³⁵/
/si³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡su²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /sɯ⁵⁵/
/si⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ti³¹/ ~別
/si³¹/ ~典

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (17)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter zi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/zɨ/
Pan
Wuyun
/zɨ/
Shao
Rongfen
/zie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/zɨ/
Li
Rong
/ziə/
Wang
Li
/zĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/zi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ci4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ zi ›
Old
Chinese
/*sə.lə/
English words

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 1684
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ljɯ/

Definitions

  1. diction; phraseology; speech; words
    See also:
      ―  xiū  ―  rhetoric ("refinement of speech")
      ―  shū  ―  dictionary; wordbook
  2. Ci (a form of classical poetry)
      ―  “Chǔ  ―  Verses of Chu
  3. (obsolete) legal statement; deposition; testimony; confession
  4. to depart; to take one's leave
      ―  gào  ―  goodbye ("allow me to take leave")
  5. to dismiss; to discharge; to fire
    退退  ―  tuì  ―  to discharge
  6. to resign; to hand in
      ―  zhí  ―  to resign one's office; to tender one's resignation
  7. to shirk; to decline
    勞苦劳苦  ―  láokǔ  ―  to spare no effort
  8. to apologize (to accept fault and invite the pardon of the offended)
  9. to excuse; to make up excuses (to provide explanation to lessen someone's fault)

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 一言半辭 / 一言半辞
  • 不假辭色 / 不假辞色
  • 不贊一辭 / 不赞一辞 (bùzànyīcí)
  • 不辭 / 不辞 (bùcí)
  • 不辭勞怨 / 不辞劳怨
  • 不辭勞苦 / 不辞劳苦 (bùcíláokǔ)
  • 不辭辛勞 / 不辞辛劳
  • 以文害辭 / 以文害辞
  • 修辭 / 修辞 (xiūcí)
  • 修辭學 / 修辞学 (xiūcíxué)
  • 修辭格 / 修辞格
  • 假以辭色 / 假以辞色
  • 傳聞異辭 / 传闻异辞
  • 儷辭 / 俪辞
  • 刀鋸不辭 / 刀锯不辞
  • 利喙贍辭 / 利喙赡辞
  • 利辭 / 利辞
  • 力辭不受 / 力辞不受
  • 卑辭厚禮 / 卑辞厚礼
  • 卜辭 / 卜辞 (bǔcí)
  • 卦辭 / 卦辞 (guàcí)
  • 吞吐其辭 / 吞吐其辞
  • 含糊其辭 / 含糊其辞 (hánhúqící)
  • 告辭 / 告辞 (gàocí)
  • 哀辭 / 哀辞 (āicí)
  • 單辭 / 单辞
  • 固辭 / 固辞 (gùcí)
  • 國語辭典 / 国语辞典
  • 在所不辭 / 在所不辞
  • 堅辭 / 坚辞
  • 外交辭令 / 外交辞令 (wàijiāo cílìng)
  • 大放厥辭 / 大放厥辞
  • 大肆厥辭 / 大肆厥辞
  • 奉辭 / 奉辞
  • 奉辭伐罪 / 奉辞伐罪
  • 奮辭 / 奋辞
  • 婉辭 / 婉辞 (wǎncí)
  • 子罕辭寶 / 子罕辞宝
  • 專科辭典 / 专科辞典
  • 屬辭比事 / 属辞比事
  • 廋辭 / 廋辞 (sōucí)
  • 引咎辭職 / 引咎辞职
  • 彖辭 / 彖辞
  • 形於辭色 / 形于辞色
  • 微辭 / 微辞 (wēicí)
  • 忱辭 / 忱辞
  • 情見乎辭 / 情见乎辞
  • 惡言詈辭 / 恶言詈辞
  • 悼辭 / 悼辞 (dàocí)
  • 意切辭盡 / 意切辞尽
  • 懇辭 / 恳辞
  • 承顏接辭 / 承颜接辞
  • 拙口鈍辭 / 拙口钝辞
  • 拙於言辭 / 拙于言辞
  • 拜辭 / 拜辞 (bàicí)
  • 振振有辭 / 振振有辞 (zhènzhènyǒucí)
  • 推辭 / 推辞 (tuīcí)
  • 措辭 / 措辞 (cuòcí)
  • 撓辭 / 挠辞
  • 教辭 / 教辞
  • 敬辭 / 敬辞 (jìngcí)
  • 文辭 / 文辞 (wéncí)
  • 昌辭 / 昌辞
  • 曼辭 / 曼辞
  • 枝辭 / 枝辞
  • 楚辭 / 楚辞 (Chǔcí)
  • 歸去來辭 / 归去来辞
  • 殷墟卜辭
  • 水火不辭 / 水火不辞
  • 浮語虛辭 / 浮语虚辞
  • 浮辭 / 浮辞
  • 淫辭 / 淫辞
  • 游辭 / 游辞
  • 游辭浮說 / 游辞浮说
  • 煩言碎辭 / 烦言碎辞
  • 爻辭 / 爻辞 (yáocí)
  • 片語隻辭 / 片语只辞
  • 理不勝辭 / 理不胜辞
  • 理得辭順 / 理得辞顺
  • 理過其辭 / 理过其辞
  • 甘言好辭 / 甘言好辞
  • 甘言巧辭 / 甘言巧辞
  • 異口同辭 / 异口同辞
  • 發言遣辭 / 发言遣辞
  • 百科辭典 / 百科辞典
  • 百辭莫辯 / 百辞莫辩
  • 萬死不辭 / 万死不辞 (wànsǐbùcí)
  • 秋風辭 / 秋风辞
  • 空言虛辭 / 空言虚辞
  • 立言豎辭 / 立言竖辞
  • 絕妙好辭 / 绝妙好辞
  • 總辭 / 总辞
  • 繫辭 / 系辞
  • 置辭 / 置辞
  • 義不容辭 / 义不容辞 (yìbùróngcí)
  • 義不辭難 / 义不辞难
  • 義正辭嚴 / 义正辞严 (yìzhèngcíyán)
  • 腴辭 / 腴辞
  • 致辭 / 致辞 (zhìcí)
  • 與世長辭 / 与世长辞 (yǔshìchángcí)
  • 華辭 / 华辞 (huácí)
  • 虛辭 / 虚辞
  • 言辭 / 言辞 (yáncí)
  • 訓辭 / 训辞
  • 託辭 / 托辞
  • 設辭 / 设辞
  • 詖辭 / 诐辞
  • 誇大其辭 / 夸大其辞 (kuādàqící)
  • 誇張其辭 / 夸张其辞
  • 詭辭 / 诡辞
  • 誄辭 / 诔辞
  • 詭辭欺世 / 诡辞欺世
  • 說辭 / 说辞 (shuōcí)
  • 誼不容辭 / 谊不容辞
  • 請辭 / 请辞 (qǐngcí)
  • 談辭如雲 / 谈辞如云
  • 謙辭 / 谦辞 (qiāncí)
  • 謝辭 / 谢辞 (xiècí)
  • 譎辭 / 谲辞
  • 象辭 / 象辞
  • 贍辭 / 赡辞
  • 躁人辭多 / 躁人辞多
  • 辭不意逮 / 辞不意逮
  • 辭不獲命 / 辞不获命
  • 辭不達意 / 辞不达意
  • 辭世 / 辞世 (císhì)
  • 辭令 / 辞令 (cílìng)
  • 辭典 / 辞典 (cídiǎn)
  • 辭典學 / 辞典学
  • 辭典派 / 辞典派
  • 辭別 / 辞别 (cíbié)
  • 辭卻 / 辞却
  • 辭句 / 辞句 (cíjù)
  • 辭吐 / 辞吐
  • 辭呈 / 辞呈 (cíchéng)
  • 辭命 / 辞命
  • 辭喻橫生 / 辞喻横生
  • 辭嚴氣正 / 辞严气正
  • 辭嚴義正 / 辞严义正
  • 辭多受少 / 辞多受少
  • 辭官 / 辞官 (cíguān)
  • 辭尊居卑 / 辞尊居卑
  • 辭巧理拙 / 辞巧理拙
  • 辭廟 / 辞庙
  • 辭彙 / 辞汇 (cíhuì)
  • 辭微旨遠 / 辞微旨远
  • 辭情 / 辞情
  • 辭意 / 辞意 (cíyì)
  • 辭旨 / 辞旨
  • 辭書 / 辞书 (císhū)
  • 辭林 / 辞林 (cílín)
  • 辭條 / 辞条
  • 辭歲 / 辞岁
  • 辭氣 / 辞气 (cíqì)
  • 辭活 / 辞活
  • 辭海 / 辞海 (Cíhǎi)
  • 辭源 / 辞源 (cíyuán)
  • 辭疾 / 辞疾
  • 辭窮 / 辞穷
  • 辭簡意足 / 辞简意足
  • 辭給 / 辞给
  • 辭義 / 辞义 (cíyì)
  • 辭聘 / 辞聘
  • 辭職 / 辞职 (cízhí)
  • 辭致 / 辞致
  • 辭色 / 辞色
  • 辭色俱厲 / 辞色俱厉
  • 辭藻 / 辞藻 (cízǎo)
  • 辭行 / 辞行 (cíxíng)
  • 辭託 / 辞托
  • 辭訟 / 辞讼
  • 辭謝 / 辞谢 (cíxiè)
  • 辭讓 / 辞让 (círàng)
  • 辭豐意雄 / 辞丰意雄
  • 辭費 / 辞费 (cífèi)
  • 辭賦 / 辞赋
  • 辭趣 / 辞趣
  • 辭退 / 辞退 (cítuì)
  • 辭通 / 辞通
  • 辭達 / 辞达
  • 辭達理舉 / 辞达理举
  • 辭采
  • 辭鈍 / 辞钝
  • 辭鋒 / 辞锋
  • 辭靈 / 辞灵
  • 辭章 / 辞章 (cízhāng)
  • 辭頭 / 辞头
  • 辭館 / 辞馆
  • 辯口利辭 / 辩口利辞
  • 遁辭 / 遁辞
  • 遣辭 / 遣辞
  • 遣辭措意 / 遣辞措意
  • 遣辭用句 / 遣辞用句
  • 遯辭 / 遁辞
  • 郊廟歌辭 / 郊庙歌辞
  • 長辭 / 长辞 (chángcí)
  • 陛辭 / 陛辞
  • 隱約其辭 / 隐约其辞
  • 難辭其咎 / 难辞其咎 (náncíqíjiù)
  • 電腦辭典 / 电脑辞典
  • 面辭 / 面辞
  • 題辭 / 题辞
  • 駁辭 / 驳辞
  • 騁辭 / 骋辞
  • 高談虛辭 / 高谈虚辞
  • 麗辭 / 丽辞 (lìcí)

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. words
  2. speech
  3. expression
  4. phrase

Readings

  • Go-on: (ji)
  • Kan-on: (shi)
  • Kun: やめる (yameru, 辭める)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
言葉ことば
[noun] [from 759] a word, a term
[noun] [from 934] language, speech
Alternative spellings
,
(This term, , is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling () of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource

(eumhun 말씀 (malsseum sa))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: từ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.