鈍

鈍 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金心山 (CPU), four-corner 8511₇, composition ⿰釒屯)

• 𢵶 𡚃 𫫲

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40219
• Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4175, character 3
• Unihan data for U+920D

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *duːns): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“dull; blunt”). Compare Tibetan རྟུལ (rtul, “dull; blunt”).

鈍

1. dull; blunt; not sharp

   Antonym: 尖 (jiān)

2. dull-witted; dim-witted; slow-witted; stupid
3. a surname
4. (Northern Wu) to satirise; to mock; to disparage
   • 1996, Tang Zhenzhu, Wu Xinmin, Wu Xinxian, 寧波方言詞典, page 254:

     該閒話是來的屯渠啦，渠還聽勿出 [Ningbonese, trad.]
     该闲话是来的屯渠啦，渠还听勿出 [Ningbonese, simp.]

     ⁷kiq ²ghae-wo₆ ⁶zy ⁶le-tiq₇ ⁶den-ji₆ ⁰la ⁶ji ²gha ¹thin-vaq₈-tshyuq₇ [Wugniu]

     All this stuff that's said is supposed to be mocking him, and he doesn't even realise it!

   • 1958, 三毛學生意 [Sanmao's Apprenticeship]‎^[3], spoken by 王先生 [Mr Wang] (范哈哈 [Fan Haha]):

     本事倒沒有學會，啊？鈍師父的本事倒不錯嘛。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
     本事倒没有学会，啊？钝师父的本事倒不错嘛。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

     ⁵pen-zy₆ ⁵tau ⁸meq-yeu₂ ⁸yaq-wei₆ ⁰a ⁶den ¹sy-vu₆-tiq₇ ⁵pen-zy₆ ⁵tau ⁷peq-tsho₅-meq₈ [Wugniu]

     Let's see, you haven't learned one honest skill yet, but I see you've become very masterful at making fun of your Sifu now, haven't you?

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “钝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. dull, blunt (of edge)
2. dull, stupid, slow, slow-witted (of senses)

• Go-on: どん (don, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: とん (ton)
• Kun: にぶい (nibui, 鈍い, Jōyō)、にぶる (niburu, 鈍る, Jōyō)、のろい (noroi, 鈍い)、なまる (namaru, 鈍る)、なまくら (namakura, 鈍)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 鈍ぶ (nibu, “to become dark gray”).^[1] In modern Japanese, reanalyzed as a shortening of compound term 鈍色 (nibiiro, “dark gray”).^[1][2]

First cited to the late 900s.^[1]

• (Tokyo) にび [nìbíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ibʲi]

鈍(にび) • (nibi) 

1. short for 鈍色 (nibiiro): dark gray

The first portion nama is from 生 (nama). This usually has a sense of raw but also has overtones of unprocessed, unready and thus some semantic overlap with, and is cognate with, 鈍る (namaru, “to become dull, especially due to lack of proper tempering”).

The second portion kura is of uncertain derivation.

The term is first cited to 1711.^[1]

• (Tokyo) なまくら [nàmákúrá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [na̠ma̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) -na (adnominal 鈍(なまくら)な (namakura na), adverbial 鈍(なまくら)に (namakura ni))

1. (uncommon) dull of edge, unable to cut well
2. (uncommon) dull of mind, lazy, insipid

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) 

1. a blunt blade
2. a lazy person, a dullard

   Synonym: 怠け者 (namakemono)

• 鈍(なまくら)刀(がたな) (namakura-gatana, “a dull sword”)
• 鈍(なまくら)武(ぶ)士(し) (namakura bushi, “a warrior with a dull sword; a warrior with no ambition”)
• 鈍(なまくら)物(もの) (namakuramono, “a dull blade”)
• 鈍(なまくら)者(もの) (namakuramono, “a lazy person”)

Shift in usage, repurposing the stem of 形容詞 (keiyōshi, “-i adjective”) 鈍い (noroi, “slow of thought or action”) as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”).^[3][4]

First cited to a work from 1891.^[4]

• (Tokyo) のろ [nóꜜrò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [no̞ɾo̞]

鈍(のろ) • (noro) -na (adnominal 鈍(のろ)な (noro na), adverbial 鈍(のろ)に (noro ni))

1. [1891] mentally slow, dull-witted, stupid
2. [1891] physically slow, slow of action

鈍(のろ) • (noro) 

1. dullard, dimwit

鈍 (eumhun 무딜 둔 (mudil dun))

1. hanja form^? of 둔 (“blunt, obtuse”)
2. hanja form^? of 둔 (“dull”)
3. hanja form^? of 둔 (“flat”)
4. hanja form^? of 둔 (“dull-witted”)

鈍: Hán Nôm readings: độn

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