阪

See also: 坂

阪	U+962A, 阪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-962A

← 阩
[U+9629]

CJK Unified Ideographs

阫 →
[U+962B]

Translingual

Han character

阪 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓中竹水 (NLHE), four-corner 7124₇ or 7224₇, composition ⿰阝反)

Derived characters

𡋴

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1346, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41562
Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4117, character 12
Unihan data for U+962A

Chinese

阪 - simplified form used in some place names
trad.		阪
simp.		坂^*/阪
alternative forms		坂岅／坂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阪
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
扳	praːn, pʰraːn
板	*praːnʔ
版	*praːnʔ
瓪	praːnʔ, paːnʔ
昄	praːnʔ, braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑	*praːnʔ
蝂	*praːnʔ
眅	pʰraːn, pʰraːnʔ
阪	braːnʔ, panʔ
魬	*braːnʔ
粄	*paːnʔ
反	panʔ, pʰan
返	*panʔ
坂	*panʔ
畈	*pans
販	*pans
汳	*pʰans
飯	bonʔ, bons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *braːnʔ, *panʔ): semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan) – hill, slope.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎn (ban³)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baan² / faan²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): póaⁿ / pán / hoán

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎn
  - Wade–Giles: pan³
  - Yale: bǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baan
  - Palladius: бань (banʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: baan² / faan²
  - Yale: báan / fáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baan² / faan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ban² / fan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːn³⁵/, /faːn³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: póaⁿ / pán / hoán
  - Tâi-lô: puánn / pán / huán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvoar, parn, hoarn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /puã⁵⁵⁴/, /pan⁵⁵⁴/, /huan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /puã⁴¹/, /pan⁴¹/, /huan⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: pjonX, baenX

Rime
Character	阪	阪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	府遠切	扶板切
Baxter	pjonX	baenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐn^X/	/bˠan^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐn^X/	/bᵚan^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɐn^X/	/bɐn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puan^X/	/baɨn^X/
Li Rong	/piuɐn^X/	/ban^X/
Wang Li	/pĭwɐn^X/	/ban^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯wɐn^X/	/bʱan^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎn	bàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan²	baan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pa[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*braːnʔ/, /*panʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	阪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pa[n]ʔ/
English	slope, bank
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	阪	阪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2962	2971
Phonetic component	反	反
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		反
Old Chinese	/*braːnʔ/	/*panʔ/
Notes		同

Definitions

阪

(literary) slope
- 阪有漆，隰有栗。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǎn yǒu qī, xí yǒu lì. [Pinyin]
  On the hill-sides are varnish trees;
  In the low wet grounds are chestnuts.
(literary) hillside trail

Compounds

大阪 (Dàbǎn)
峻阪
峻阪鹽車 / 峻阪盐车
蒲阪
阪上走丸 (bǎnshàngzǒuwán)
阪泉
阪田 (bǎntián)
阪阻

Japanese

Kanji

阪

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

slope, hillside

Readings

Go-on: べん (ben)、ほん (hon)
Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban)
Kun: さか (saka, 阪)

Compounds

大阪(おおさか) (Ōsaka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
阪
さか Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 阪 – see the following entry.

【さか】	[noun] slope; hill Alternative spelling 坂

(This term, 阪, is an alternative spelling (only in proper nouns) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
阪
はん Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 阪 (MC pjonX|baenX).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [hã̠ɴ]

Affix

阪(はん) • (han) ^{←はん (fan)^?}

short for 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Ōsaka (a city in Japan)”)
阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 阪 (MC baenX). Recorded as Middle Korean 판〮 (phán) (Yale: phan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

阪 (eumhun 언덕 판 (eondeok pan))

hanja form^? of 판 (“slope; hill”)

Compounds

대판 (大阪, Daepan, “Osaka”)
험판 (嶮阪/險坂, heompan)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

阪: Hán Nôm readings: phản, bản

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