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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).[1]
Pronunciation
Numeral
*ainaz
- (in the singular) one
- (in the plural) some
Inflection
Declension of *ainaz (a-stem, strong only)
| Strong declension
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singular
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plural
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masculine
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feminine
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neuter
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masculine
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feminine
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neuter
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| nominative
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*ainaz
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*ainō
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*ainą, *-at(ō)
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*ainai
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*ainôz
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*ainō
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| accusative
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*ainanǭ
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*ainǭ
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*ainą, *-at(ō)
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*ainanz
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*ainōz
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*ainō
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| genitive
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*ainas, *ainis
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*ainaizōz
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*ainas, *ainis
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*ainaizǫ̂
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*ainaizǫ̂
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*ainaizǫ̂
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| dative
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*ainammai
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*ainaizōi
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*ainammai
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*ainaimaz
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*ainaimaz
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*ainaimaz
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| instrumental
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*ainanō
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*ainaizō
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*ainanō
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*ainaimiz
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*ainaimiz
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*ainaimiz
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *ain
- Old English: ān
- Middle English: on, oon, one, oen, oune, hon, none, an, anne, onne, an, ane, auen, aune (Northern), auen, aune (north Midland), enne, onen, onenen (Kent), en, an, ane (Early Middle English), won, von, wone (Late Middle English), oon, one, an (Northern), an, ane (Early Middle English)
- Old Frisian: ēn, ān, een
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum:
- Föhr: een m, ian f or n
- Amrum: ään m, ian f or n
- Goesharde:
- Hoolmer: åån m, iin f or n
- Hoorninger: aan m, iin f or n
- Halligen: aon m, ian f or n
- Heligoland: iaan, jaan
- Mooring: ån m, iinj f or n
- Sylt: jen
- Wiedingharde: oan m, iin f or n
- Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n
- West Frisian: ien
- Old Saxon: ēn
- Middle Low German: ên, ein
- Low German: ein, en
- German Low German: een (Hamburgisch)
- Westphalian:
- Lippisch: eun
- Ravensbergisch: åine
- Sauerländisch: ên
- Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne
- Plautdietsch: een
- Old Dutch: ēn
- Middle Dutch: êen
- Limburgish: ein
- Old High German: ein, ain
- Middle High German: ein
- Alemannic German: ain, äin, a, an, en
- Bavarian: a
- Cimbrian: a, an (“a, an”); òan, umm (“one”)
- Mòcheno: a (“a, an”); oa' (“one”)
- Central Franconian: een, ein (Kölsch, Westerwald), ään (eastern Moselle Franconian)
- Hunsrik: een
- Luxembourgish: een
- East Central German: ä, e
- German: ein
- Rhine Franconian: e (Hessian)
- Yiddish: איין (eyn), אַ (a), אַן (an)
- Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalaibaʀ)
- Old Norse: einn
- Icelandic: einn
- Faroese: ein
- Norn: en
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ein
- Dalecarlian: jenn
- Old Swedish: ēn
- Old Danish: en, æn
- Gutnish: en, ann, h'en
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aina-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 11