Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fehu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From early *péku, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“livestock”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸe.xu/

Noun

*fehu n^[1]

livestock, cattle
property, wealth
(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚠ (f)

Inflection

Declension of *fehu (neuter u-stem)
	singular
nominative	*fehu
vocative	*fehu
accusative	*fehu
genitive	*fehauz
dative	*fehiwi
instrumental	*fehū

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fehu
- Old English: feoh, fioh, feh
  - Middle English: feh, fe, fee (with Old French)
    - English: fee
    - Scots: fe, fee, fiel
- Old Frisian: fia
  - Saterland Frisian: Fäi
  - West Frisian: fee
- Old Saxon: fehu, feho, feu
  - Middle Low German: vehe, veh, vê, vie
    - German Low German: Veeh, Veh, Veih n (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch)
      - Plautdietsch: Fee
- Old Dutch: fē, fio, fiu
  - Middle Dutch: vêe
    - Dutch: vee
      - Afrikaans: vee
      - Negerhollands: vee
    - Limburgish: vieë, vieëch
- Old High German: fihu
  - Middle High German: vihe, vëhe, vich, viech, vech, vie, vē
    - Alemannic German: Vëh
      Swabian: Viech
    - Bavarian: Viech
      Cimbrian: viighe, biighe (Mezzaselva)
    - East Central German:
      Upper Saxon German: Viech
    - German: Vieh; Viech (with distinction)
    - Luxembourgish: Véi
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Hessian: Veh, Veih, Vieh
      Palatine: Veh, Vieh, Viech
    - Yiddish: פֿיך (fikh)
- → Vulgar Latin: *feus
  - Old French: fieu (dated 11th-century) (see there for further descendants)
  - Old Occitan: feu
    - Catalan: feu
    - Occitan: fèu
  - Medieval Latin: fevum (dated 899, La Garde-Freinet, France)
    - Old French: fief m (dated 13th-century)
      - Middle French: fief
        French: fief
        → Romanian: fief
        → English: fief
    - Old French: feffe, feoffe f
      - Middle French: fieffe
      - → Middle English: feffe, feoffe
        English: feoff
    - ⇒ Medieval Latin: feudum, feodum (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛖᚺᚢ (*fehu /⁠fehu, fēhu⁠/), *ᚠᛖᚺ (*feh /⁠fēh⁠/)
- Old Norse: fé
  - Icelandic: fé
  - Faroese: fæ
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: fe; (dialectal) fi
  - Norwegian Bokmål: fe
  - Old Swedish: fǣ
    - Swedish: fä
  - Danish: fæ
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu), 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍉 (faihō)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fehu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fehu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134

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