Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)teg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)teg- (imperfective)

to cover

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg- (cover) (38 c, 0 e)

*(s)tég-e-ti (root present)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: στέγω (stégō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰágati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰágati
    - Sanskrit: स्थगति (sthágati)
- Proto-Italic: *tegō
  - Latin: tegō
  - ⇒? Umbrian: 𐌕𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌄𐌛𐌉𐌌 (tehteřim, acc. sg.) (< *tekt-edjo-)
*stog-éye-ti (causative/iterative)
- Proto-Celtic: *togīti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰagáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰagáyati
    - Sanskrit: स्थगयति (sthagáyati)
*(s)tḗg-s (root noun)
- Proto-Celtic: *tīxs
  - Old Irish: tí
*teg-dʰleh₂
- Italic:
  - Latin: tēgula (see there for further descendants)
*tég-mn̥
- Italic:
  - Latin: tegmen, tegimen, tegumen (with epenthetic -i- -u-)
*teg-no-
- Proto-Italic: *tegnom
  - Latin: tignum
*steg-nós
- Proto-Hellenic: *stegnós
  - Ancient Greek: στεγανός (steganós)
    - ⇒ English: steganography
*(s)tég-os
- Proto-Albanian: *tāga
  - Albanian: tog
    - Albanian: toger
- Proto-Celtic: *tegos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *(s)tégos
  - Ancient Greek: στέγος (stégos), τέγος (tégos)
    - ⇒ English: stegosaur, stegosaurus
*teg-ur-yo-
- Italic:
  - Latin: tugurium, tegurium, tigurium
*tég-us (“thick”)
*tog-éh₂
- Proto-Italic: *togā
  - Latin: toga
  - South Picene: 𐌕𐌏𐌊𐌀𐌌 (tokam)
*tog-o-
- Proto-Celtic: *togos (“roof”)
  - Brythonic:
    - Breton: to
    - Welsh: to
- Proto-Germanic: *þaką, *þakjaną, *þakinō (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāgas
  - Old Prussian: stogis
  - Latgalian: stogs
  - Lithuanian: stogas
  - Proto-Slavic: *stogъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *entogos (< *h₁én-togo-)
  - Old Irish: étach (“clothing”)
    - Irish: éadach
    - Manx: eaddagh
    - Scottish Gaelic: aodach
- Proto-Celtic: *togyā [1] (< *tog-yeh₂)
  - Old Irish: tugae, tuige
    - Middle Irish: tuga
      - Irish: tuí (“thatch”)
      - Scottish Gaelic: tugha (“thatch”)
      - Manx: thoo, too
  - Celtiberian: togia
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táktas
  - Proto-Iranian: *táxtah
    - Middle Persian: tʾht' (taxt) (see there for further descendants)
    - Khotanese: 𐨟𐨿𐨟𐨁𐨌 (ttī, “abode, covered place, nest”)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian: *tāgah (“arch, vault”)
    - Middle Iranian: *tāk
      - → Arabic: طَاق (ṭāq)
    - Middle Persian: tʾg (/⁠tāg⁠/)
      - Persian: طاق, تاق (tâq)
        → Armenian: թաղ (tʻaġ)
        → Azerbaijani: tağ
        → Georgian: თაღი (taɣi)
        → Bats: თაღ class jj (taɣ)

Root

*(s)teg-

pole, stick, beam

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg- (pole) (4 c, 0 e)

*stog-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *stakô (see there for further descendants)
*stog-nos
- Proto-Germanic: *stakkaz (see there for further descendants)
*teg-slom
- Proto-Italic: *tekslom
  - Latin: tēlum (see there for further descendants)
*teg-nom^[2]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թակն (tʻakn)
- Proto-Italic: *tegnom
  - Latin: tignum

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tegos-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 376
^ Lidén, Evald (1905–1906) “Baumnamen und Verwandtes”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[1] (in German), volume 18, pages 498–500

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tegos-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 376

[2] Lidén, Evald (1905–1906) “Baumnamen und Verwandtes”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[1] (in German), volume 18, pages 498–500

[2]

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

Root

Derived terms

Further reading

References