cocer
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cozer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin cocere, from Latin coquere. Cognate with Portuguese cozer and Spanish cocer.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Hyphenation: co‧cer
Verb
cocer (first-person singular present cozo, first-person singular preterite cocín, past participle cocido)
- to boil, stew
- Synonym: ferver
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 131:
- pisa moy ben todo con exulla uedra de porco et faz ende hũa masa et coze todo con uyno, meyxeo ameude ataa que se coza ben
- pound it carefully with old pork lard and make a dough with it and boil everything in wine, stir it frequently till it is well cooked
- to cook
- Synonym: cociñar
- c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 89:
- Et estes omẽs yam comendo as carnes ja et os peyxes et pescados que achauam et matauã elles os que podiam prender; pero nõ os coziã que nõ [sabiam] ajnda amaneyra delo, mays enxugauam aquelas carnes et peyxes ao sol
- And these people were eating the meats and seafood and fish that they can find and kill and catch; but they did not cook them, because they still did not know the way, but they dried these meats and seafood in the sun
- to bake
- Synonym: enfornar
- Maruxiña da Forneira / se é que coces faime un bolo / se mo fas faimo de trigo / que o centeo non cho como (traditional song)
- Little Mary of the Baker / if you bake make a loaf for me / and if you make it, make it wheat / because I don't eat rye
- c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 206:
- fezo cozer pera elles pã çençeno
- She ordered to bake rye bread for them
- to fire
- Synonym: enfornar
- 1484, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 445:
- cinco mil ladrillos ben cozidos e de boo barro
- five thousand bricks, correctly fired and made of good clay
- (flax processing) to ret
- (wine processing) to ferment
- Synonym: fermentar
- to digest
- Synonym: dixerir
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cocer | |||||
Personal | cocer | coceres | cocer | cocermos | cocerdes | coceren |
Gerund | ||||||
cocendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | cocido | cocidos | ||||
Feminine | cocida | cocidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | cozo | coces | coce | cocemos | cocedes | cocen |
Imperfect | cocía | cocías | cocía | cociamos | cociades | cocían |
Preterite | cocín | cociches | coceu | cocemos | cocestes | coceron |
Pluperfect | cocera | coceras | cocera | coceramos | cocerades | coceran |
Future | cocerei | cocerás | cocerá | coceremos | coceredes | cocerán |
Conditional | cocería | cocerías | cocería | coceriamos | coceriades | cocerían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | coza | cozas | coza | cozamos | cozades | cozan |
Imperfect | cocese | coceses | cocese | cocésemos | cocésedes | cocesen |
Future | cocer | coceres | cocer | cocermos | cocerdes | coceren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | coce | coza | cozamos | cocede | cozan | |
Negative (non) | non cozas | non coza | non cozamos | non cozades | non cozan |
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cozer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “coz”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cocer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cocer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cocer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
- “cocer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *kokar, whence also Old Frisian koker, Old Saxon kokar (Dutch koker), Old High German kohhār (German Köcher). The origin of the West Germanic word is unknown, but note that a similar word can be found in Turkic and Mongolic languages: see Proto-Mongolic *kökexür for more.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈko.ker/
Noun
cocer m
Declension
Strong a-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | cocer | coceras |
accusative | cocer | coceras |
genitive | coceres | cocera |
dative | cocere | cocerum |
Descendants
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish cozer, from Late Latin cocere, from Latin coquere. Cognate with English cook.
Some conjugated forms of the verb were reformed through analogy with the infinitive; in older Spanish, the forms cueza and cuezo were cuega and cuego (< Late Latin cocam, cocō), cocí was coxe (< Latin coxī), and the past participle was cocho (< Latin coctus).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /koˈθeɾ/ [koˈθeɾ] (Spain)
- IPA(key): /koˈseɾ/ [koˈseɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: co‧cer
- Homophone: (Latin America) coser
Verb
cocer (first-person singular present cuezo, first-person singular preterite cocí, past participle cocido)
- to boil
- to cook (only used in situations where the food being prepared is submitted to fire; such as through the processes of boiling, simmering or steaming anything; or baking bread slowly in an oven)
- cocer a fuego lento ― simmer
- (reflexive, figurative) to brew
- Algo se está cociendo
- Something is brewing
- (pronominal) to chafe (get sore)
- Synonyms: escocerse, escaldarse
Conjugation
infinitive | cocer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cociendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cocido | cocida | |||||
plural | cocidos | cocidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cuezo | cuecestú cocésvos |
cuece | cocemos | cocéis | cuecen | |
imperfect | cocía | cocías | cocía | cocíamos | cocíais | cocían | |
preterite | cocí | cociste | coció | cocimos | cocisteis | cocieron | |
future | coceré | cocerás | cocerá | coceremos | coceréis | cocerán | |
conditional | cocería | cocerías | cocería | coceríamos | coceríais | cocerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cueza | cuezastú cozásvos2 |
cueza | cozamos | cozáis | cuezan | |
imperfect (ra) |
cociera | cocieras | cociera | cociéramos | cocierais | cocieran | |
imperfect (se) |
cociese | cocieses | cociese | cociésemos | cocieseis | cociesen | |
future1 | cociere | cocieres | cociere | cociéremos | cociereis | cocieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | cuecetú cocévos |
cueza | cozamos | coced | cuezan | ||
negative | no cuezas | no cueza | no cozamos | no cozáis | no cuezan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive cocer | dative | cocerme | cocerte | cocerle, cocerse | cocernos | coceros | cocerles, cocerse |
accusative | cocerme | cocerte | cocerlo, cocerla, cocerse | cocernos | coceros | cocerlos, cocerlas, cocerse | |
with gerund cociendo | dative | cociéndome | cociéndote | cociéndole, cociéndose | cociéndonos | cociéndoos | cociéndoles, cociéndose |
accusative | cociéndome | cociéndote | cociéndolo, cociéndola, cociéndose | cociéndonos | cociéndoos | cociéndolos, cociéndolas, cociéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cuece | dative | cuéceme | cuécete | cuécele | cuécenos | not used | cuéceles |
accusative | cuéceme | cuécete | cuécelo, cuécela | cuécenos | not used | cuécelos, cuécelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cocé | dative | coceme | cocete | cocele | cocenos | not used | coceles |
accusative | coceme | cocete | cocelo, cocela | cocenos | not used | cocelos, cocelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative cueza | dative | cuézame | not used | cuézale, cuézase | cuézanos | not used | cuézales |
accusative | cuézame | not used | cuézalo, cuézala, cuézase | cuézanos | not used | cuézalos, cuézalas | |
with first-person plural imperative cozamos | dative | not used | cozámoste | cozámosle | cozámonos | cozámoos | cozámosles |
accusative | not used | cozámoste | cozámoslo, cozámosla | cozámonos | cozámoos | cozámoslos, cozámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative coced | dative | cocedme | not used | cocedle | cocednos | coceos | cocedles |
accusative | cocedme | not used | cocedlo, cocedla | cocednos | coceos | cocedlos, cocedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative cuezan | dative | cuézanme | not used | cuézanle | cuézannos | not used | cuézanles, cuézanse |
accusative | cuézanme | not used | cuézanlo, cuézanla | cuézannos | not used | cuézanlos, cuézanlas, cuézanse |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- → Tagalog: kusi
References
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “cocer”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “cocer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024