deyja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse deyja, from Proto-Germanic *dawjaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈteiːja/
    Rhymes: -eiːja
    Homophone: deigja

Verb

deyja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative dó, third-person plural past indicative dóu, supine dáið)

  1. (intransitive) to die
    Synonyms: andast, sálast, fá bana, látast, (archaic) deyja burt, sofna svefninum langa, sofna hinsta svefni
    Hún dó úr krabbameini. ― She died of cancer.
    Hundruð manna dóu úr hor. ― Hundreds died of hunger.
    Við munum öll deyja! ― We are all going to die!
    Að deyja úr kulda. ― To die from exposure.
  2. (intransitive) to pass out from drinking
  3. (intransitive, of fire) to go out
    Synonym: slokkna
  4. (intransitive, nautical, of the ocean) to calm down, to subside
    Synonyms: stillast, lygna
  5. (intransitive, of grass) to wither
    Synonyms: falla, sölna

Conjugation

deyja – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að deyja
supine sagnbót dáið
present participle
lýsingarháttur nútíðar
 deyjandi
indicative
framsöguháttur
 subjunctive
viðtengingarháttur
present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
 present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
singular ég dey dó deyi dæi
þú deyrð dóst deyir dæir
hann, hún, það deyr dó deyi dæi
plural við deyjum dóum deyjum dæjum
þið deyið dóuð deyið dæjuð
þeir, þær, þau deyja dóu deyi dæju
imperative boðháttur
singular þú dey (þú), deyðu
plural þið deyið (þið), deyiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
deyjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að deyjast
supine sagnbót dáist
present participle
lýsingarháttur nútíðar
 deyjandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
framsöguháttur
 subjunctive
viðtengingarháttur
present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
 present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
singular ég deyst dóst deyist dæist
þú deyst dóst deyist dæist
hann, hún, það deyst dóst deyist dæist
plural við deyjumst dóumst deyjumst dæjumst
þið deyist dóust deyist dæjust
þeir, þær, þau deyjast dóust deyist dæjust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú deyst (þú), deystu
plural þið deyist (þið), deyisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
dáinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		dáinn dáin dáið dánir dánar dáin
accusative
(þolfall) 		dáinn dána dáið dána dánar dáin
dative
(þágufall) 		dánum dáinni dánu dánum dánum dánum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		dáins dáinnar dáins dáinna dáinna dáinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		dáni dána dána dánu dánu dánu
accusative
(þolfall) 		dána dánu dána dánu dánu dánu
dative
(þágufall) 		dána dánu dána dánu dánu dánu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		dána dánu dána dánu dánu dánu

Derived terms

  • deyja af, deyja niður, deyja út (“to calm down”) (of weather or sea)
  • deyja burt (“to die”) (archaic)
  • deyja drottni sínum
  • deyja ekki ráðalaus (“to not to give up easily”)
  • deyja fyrir hendi einhver (“to die at the hands of someone”)
  • deyja niður (“to die in heaps”)
  • deyja úr hor, deyja úr hungri (“to starve to death”)
  • deyja út (“to become extinct, die out”)
  • deyja út af (“to die a natural death”), confer lognast út af
  • deyja úti (“not make it to the barn, left out in times of autumn”) (of hay)

See also

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dawjaną, whence also English die, Old High German touwen.

Verb

deyja (singular past indicative dó, plural past indicative dó, past participle dáinn)

  1. to die
    • 800s, Hávamál, verse 76
      Deyr fé, / deyja frændr,
      deyr sjalfr it sama,
      en orðstírr / deyr aldregi,
      hveim er sér góðan getr.
      Cattle die, / kinsmen die;
      the self dies the same.
      But a word-glory / never dies
      for him, who a good one gets.

Conjugation

Conjugation of deyja — active (strong class 6)
infinitive deyja
present participle deyjandi
past participle dáinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular dey dó deyja dǿa
2nd person singular deyr dótt deyir dǿir
3rd person singular deyr dó deyi dǿi
1st person plural deyjum dóm deyim dǿim
2nd person plural deyið dóð deyið dǿið
3rd person plural deyja dó deyi dǿi
imperative present
2nd person singular dey
1st person plural deyjum
2nd person plural deyið
Conjugation of deyja — mediopassive (strong class 6)
infinitive deyjask
present participle deyjandisk
past participle dáizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular deyjumk dómk deyjumk dǿumk
2nd person singular deysk dózk deyisk dǿisk
3rd person singular deysk dósk deyisk dǿisk
1st person plural deyjumsk dómsk deyimsk dǿimsk
2nd person plural deyizk dózk deyizk dǿizk
3rd person plural deyjask dósk deyisk dǿisk
imperative present
2nd person singular deysk
1st person plural deyjumsk
2nd person plural deyizk

Derived terms

  • strádeyja (“to die a straw death”)

Descendants

  • Middle English: deyen
  • Icelandic: deyja
  • Faroese: doyggja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: døy, døya
  • Dalecarlian:
    • Mora: däja
    • Elfdalian: däia, däa
  • Old Swedish: dø̄ia
  • Old Danish: dø̄
    • Scanian: dǿja
    • Danish: dø
      • Norwegian Bokmål: dø
  • Old Gutnish: doyia
    • Gutnish: dåie, dåi, doä

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “deyja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
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