finis

From Middle English finis, from Latin fīnis (“end; limit”). Doublet of fin, fine, and finish.

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɪnɪs/, /fiːˈniː/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪnɪs, -iː
• Hyphenation: fi‧nis

finis

1. Of a book or other work: the end.
   • 1836, [Frederick Marryat], “In which our hero finds out that trigonometry is not only necessary to navigation, but may be required in settling affairs of honour”, in Mr. Midshipman Easy […], volume II, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, page 32:

     He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.

   • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], pages 570–571:

     Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious that, but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour, the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward, […]

• the end

finis

1. second-person singular present subjunctive of finar

finis

1. past of fini

• IPA^(key): /fi.ni/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: fini, finie, finies, finit, finît
• Rhymes: -i

finis

1. masculine plural of fini

finis

1. inflection of finir:
   1. first/second-person singular present indicative
   2. first/second-person singular past historic
   3. second-person singular imperative

finis m pl

1. masculine plural of fini

• IPA^(key): /ˈfinis/

finis

1. past of finar

finis (plural finis-finis)

1. finish

Disputed.^[1] Perhaps for Latin *fignis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”), whence fīgō,^[2] or for Latin *fidnis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”), whence findō. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
Other hypotheses include:^[1]

• From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to strike”); compare perfinēs (“(you would) break, shatter”).
• From the same source as Proto-Germanic *bainaz (“straight; ready”) and *bainą (“bone”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH-n- (“something straight, pole”), which may or may not be from the same root “to strike” above.

For the meaning “region”, compare pāgus again from a root meaning “to fix”.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfiː.nɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfiː.nis]

fīnis m or f (genitive fīnis); third declension

1. end

   Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen

   in finem ― eternally

   ad finem ― to the end

   finem facio ― I cease

   • 29-19 BC, Vergil. Aeneid, 1.199

     dabit Deus hīs quoque fīnem

     God will give an end to these (things) also.

2. limit, border, bound boundary, frontier

   Synonyms: līmes, modus, cacūmen

3. (in the plural) boundaries, bounds; by extension, territory, region, lands
4. limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.

     For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.

5. end, purpose, aim, object, telos

   Synonyms: voluntās, intentiō, cōnsilium, propositum, animus, mēns

6. death, end (of life)

   Synonyms: mors, fūnus, fātum, interitus, exitus, perniciēs, somnus, sopor

7. amount (in late juridical writings)

According to Lewis & Short, finis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

fīnīs

1. second-person singular present active of fīniō

• “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• "finis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• finis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
    
  • to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
    
  • to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
    
  • such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13)
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
    
  • to come to an end: finem habere
    
  • to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
    
  • to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
    
  • to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
    

From English finish.

finis

1. Tense marker for the past perfect tense