gardar
Franco-Provençal
Verb
gardar (Old Beaujolais)
References
- gardar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese gardar, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡaɾ.ˈdaɾ/
Verb
gardar (first-person singular present gardo, first-person singular preterite gardei, past participle gardado)
- (transitive) to guard, watch
- (transitive) to guard, protect
- 1460, Rui Vasques, Crónica de Santa María de Iria, Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 135:
- Et logo comesçou a rreparrar o castello do Est por gardar a terra dos ysmaelitas et normanos, que entrauã porla rria e estragauã toda a terra.
- And then he began to repair the castle of Oeste, to protect the country from the Ismaelites and the Norsemen, who used to enter through the firth, then wasting all the land
- (transitive) to keep
- (reflexive) to avoid, to abstain, to keep [with de (+ infinitive) ‘from doing something’]
- (reflexive) to protect oneself [with de ‘from something’]
Conjugation
Conjugation of gardar
Reintegrated conjugation of gardar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
- agardar
- gardacostas
Related terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gardar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “gardar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gardar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “gardar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gardar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “gardar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gardar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²ɡɑːrɑr/
Noun
gardar m
- indefinite plural of gard
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²ɡɑrdɑr/
Noun
gardar m
- indefinite plural of garde
Occitan
Etymology
Inherited from Old Occitan g(u)ardar, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
gardar (Languedoc, Vivaro-Alpine)
- to protect
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
| gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | gardat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | gardi | gardas | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
| imperfect | gardavi | gardavas | gardava | gardàvem | gardàvetz | gardavan | |
| preterite | gardèri | gardères | gardèt | gardèrem | gardèretz | gardèron | |
| future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardarà | gardarem | gardaretz | gardaràn | |
| conditional | gardariái | gardariás | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | garde | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | garden | |
| imperfect | gardèssi | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardèssem | gardèssetz | gardèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
| gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | gardat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | garde | gardes | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardon | |
| imperfect | gardave | gardaves | gardava | gardaviam | gardaviatz | gardavon | |
| preterite | gardere | garderes | gardet | gardem | gardetz | garderon | |
| future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardará | gardarem | gardaretz | gardarán | |
| conditional | gardariá | gardariás | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | garde | gardes | garde | gardassiam | gardassiatz | gardon | |
| imperfect | gardesse | gardesses | gardesse | gardessiam | gardessiatz | gardesson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| garda | gardassiam | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
| gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | gardat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | gardi | gardas | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
| imperfect | gardavi | gardavas | gardava | gardàvam | gardàvatz | gardavan | |
| preterite | gardèi | gardès | gardè | gardèm | gardètz | gardèn | |
| future | gardarèi | gardaràs | gardarà | gardaram | gardaratz | gardaràn | |
| conditional | gardarí | gardarés | gardaré | gardarem | gardaretz | gardarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | gardi | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | garden | |
| imperfect | gardèssi | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardèssem | gardèssetz | gardèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
| gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | gardat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | garde | gardas | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
| imperfect | gardava | gardavas | gardava | gardàvam | gardàvatz | gardavan | |
| preterite | gardei | garderas | gardet | gardèram | gardèratz | garderan | |
| future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardará | gardarem | gardaretz | gardarán | |
| conditional | gardariá | gardariàs | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | garde | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | garden | |
| imperfect | gardèsse | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardèssem | gardèssetz | gardèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
| gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | gardat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | garde | gardes | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
| imperfect | gardavi | gardavas | gardava | gardàvem | gardàvetz | gardavan | |
| preterite | gardère | gardères | gardèt | garderiam | garderiatz | gardèron | |
| future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardarà | gardarem | gardaretz | gardaràn | |
| conditional | gardariáu | gardariás | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | garde | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | gardan | |
| imperfect | gardèsse | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardessiam | gardessiatz | gardèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Verb
gardar
- alternative form of guardar
Conjugation
Conjugation of gardar
| infinitive | gardar | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | simple | gardando | |||||||
| compound | gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
| masculine | gardado | gardados | |||||||
| feminine | gardada | gardadas | |||||||
| present participle | gardante | gardantes | |||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | gardo | gardas | garda | gardamos | gardades | gardan | ||
| imperfect | gardava | gardavas | gardava | gardavamos, gardávamos | gardavades, gardávades | gardavan | |||
| preterite | gardei | gardaste, gardasche, gardache | gardou | gardamos | gardastes | gardaron | |||
| pluperfect | gardara | gardaras | gardara | gardaramos, gardáramos | gardarades, gardárades | gardaran | |||
| future | gardarei | gardarás | gardará | gardaremos | gardaredes | gardarán | |||
| conditional | gardaria | gardarias | gardaria | gardariamos, gardaríamos | gardariades, gardaríades | gardarian | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| past anterior | preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| pluperfect anterior | simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardemos | gardedes | garden | ||
| imperfect | gardasse | gardasses | gardasse | gardassemos, gardássemos | gardassedes, gardássedes | gardassen | |||
| future | gardar | gardares | gardar | gardarmos | gardardes | gardaren | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| imperative mood | — | tu | — | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
| affirmative | — | garda | — | gardemos | gardade | — | |||
| negative | — | non gardes | — | non gardemos | non gardedes | — | |||
| personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| gardar | gardares | gardar | gardarmos | gardardes | gardaren | ||||
|
1 teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver. | |||||||||
Further reading
Old Occitan
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Verb
gardar
- to protect
Descendants
- Occitan: gardar
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*wardôn”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 514