làm

See also: Appendix:Variations of "lam"

Ghomala'

Noun

làm class 1 singular of mlàm class 4

  1. to smell bad, to stink
    Lam sɔk tsɔ̌ ka pûŋ.The smell of this soap isn't pleasant.

Verb

làm alternate of dàm

  1. to smell bad, to stink
    Antonym: làmnyə̀
    Bɛ̌ khə́ dám.The cooking pot burned and smells bad.
    Cə́ŋ tsʉ̌ wə́ damnyə.Your food smells good.

Derived terms

References

  • Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)

Khiamniungan Naga

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lam³¹/

Verb

làm

  1. (Patsho) To cut back and forth but not chopping.

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

  • (Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi) lồm

Etymology

A doublet of (to be; to work); see there for more. The -m "suffix" is of unknown function and origin. This is an innovation in Vietnamese, not found in Mường and other Vietic languages.

For the semantic relation, compare also Chinese  / (vi, to do; to be).

Most prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: (to stay; at, in), đến (to come; to), tới (to arrive; to), lên (to go up; onto), vào (to enter; in, into), theo (to follow; according to), về (to return; about), cho (to give; for).

The Nôm character 𫜵 was unified in Unicode with (top form of Kangxi radical #87) up until the version 14.0 (2021). See the entry for details.

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [laːm˨˩]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [laːm˦˩]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [laːm˨˩]
  • (Quảng Nam) IPA(key): [lɑm˧˩]
  • Audio (Hà Nội):(file)
  • Audio (Saigon):(file)

Verb

làm • (𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, 󱛝, )

  1. to do
    làm bài tậpto do exercises; to do homework
  2. to make
    làm nhàto build a house
  3. to act
    làm như không quen biếtto act as if they do not know each other.
  4. to work
    đi làmto go to work
    làm nhà nướcto work for the government
    làm tư nhânto work for a private company
  5. to be, to become, to act as, to serve as, to behave as
    Làm người ai làm thế!
    What kind of person are you!?
    (literally, “Being a human, who'd do something like that?”)
    Lớn lên con muốn làm bác sĩ.
    When I grow up, I want to become a doctor.
    Ông/Bà làm cha/mẹ mà chẳng làm gương cho con.
    You're not a good example for your kid(s) as a father/mother.
    (literally, “Being a father/mother, you don't at all act as a role model for your kid(s).”)
    Đảng lãnh đạo, nhà nước quản lý, nhân dân làm chủthe Party holds the leadership, the State exercises management, and the people act as the master (translation by VietnamPlus)
    • (Can we date this quote?), Nguyên Chấn Phong, “Làm người ai làm thế [What Kind of Man Are You?]”:
      Làm người ai làm thế, làm người ai làm thế !
      Chẳng còn chi để nói bởi chính tôi đã cạn lời.
      Sao anh nỡ đổi thay ? Tôi không còn gì nữa đâu.
      Lợi danh anh đã quên mất tình tôi.

      Làm người ai làm thế, làm người ai làm thế !
      Làm vậy chi người hỡi ? Chẳng lẽ tôi không còn gì.
      Không tin anh nữa đâu, không tin đàn ông đâu !
      Rồi sẽ có lúc anh cũng thế, giống như tôi giờ đây.
      What kind of man are you? What kind?
      There's nothing to say, words fail me.
      How could you change like that? I have nothing left.
      You forgot my feelings in pursuit of money and fame.

      What kind of man are you? What kind?
      Why would you do that? Is it because I can give you nothing more?
      I don't trust you any more, I don't trust men any more!
      One day you'll end up there, where I am right now.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Preposition

làm

  1. into
    phân chia kiến thức làm nhiều mảng riêng để dễ tiếp thuto break one's knowledge down into separate parts for easy learning.