maðr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mannz, whence also Old Saxon mann, Old English mann, Old High German man, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 (manna). Probably ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root *mon-. The change *-nnz > -ðr in the nominative singular is a regular feature of Old Norse; compare with aðrir (m.nom.pl. of annarr), guðr and saðr.

Noun

maðr m (genitive manns, plural menn)

  1. human, man, person
    • verse 47 of the Hávamál
      Maðr er manns gaman.
      Man is man's joy.
    • verse 48 of the Hávamál
      Mildir, frœknir menn bazt lifa.
      Generous, bold men live best.
    • verse 52 of the Hávamál
      Mikit eitt skala manni gefa.
      One should not give a man a single large gift.
    með mǫnnum
    among men
    karlmenn ok kvennmenn
    Male and female persons
  2. degree (of kinship)

Usage notes

  • Medieval scribes sometimes abbreviated maðr to ᛘ (m).
  • Although being grammatically masculine, and being cognate of Modern English man, this noun usually refers to a person irrespective of gender. Confer with karlmaðr and kvennmaðr.

Declension

Declension of maðr (strong consonant stem, s-genitive)
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative maðr maðrinn menn, meðr menninir
accusative mann manninn menn, meðr mennina
dative manni manninum mǫnnum mǫnnunum
genitive manns mannsins manna mannanna

Derived terms

  • arfsalsmaðr m (“someone that has made someone else their heir”)
  • arftǫkumaðr m (“inheritor”)
  • athugamaðr m (“devout person”)
  • banamaðr m (“killer”)
  • blótmaðr m (“idolater”)
  • bruðmaðr m (“bridegroom”)
  • byrgismaðr m (“paramour”)
  • eyjamaðr m (“islander”)
  • karlmaðr m (“man”)
  • kvennmaðr m (“woman”)
  • lǫgmaðr m (“lawspeaker”)
  • mannabein n pl (“human bones”)
  • mannabygð f (“inhabited district”)
  • mannafli m (“strength in men”)
  • mannaforráð n (“rule, dominion”)
  • mannaforræði n (“rule, dominion”)
  • mannafǫr f (“passage”)
  • mannafǫr n pl (“men's footprints”)
  • mannagrein f (“distinction of men”)
  • mannahold n (“human flesh”)
  • mannahús n pl (“men's houses”)
  • mannakjǫt n (“human flesh”)
  • mannalát n (“death”)
  • mannamissir m (“loss of men”)
  • mannamunr m (“difference of men”)
  • mannamál n (“human voices, speach”)
  • mannamót n (“meeting”)
  • mannamúgr m (“crowd of people”)
  • mannareið f (“body of horsemen”)
  • mannasamnaðr m (“gathering of men”)
  • mannaseta f (“men staying in a place”)
  • mannaskipan f (“placing of people (at a banquet)”)
  • mannaskipti n pl (“exchange of men”)
  • mannaslóð f (“track of men”)
  • mannaspor n pl (“footprints of men”)
  • mannast (“to reach manhood”)
  • mannasættir m (“peace-maker”)
  • mannataka f (“reception of strangers”)
  • mannauðn f (“depopulation”)
  • mannavegr m (“a road where men pass”)
  • mannaverk n pl (“work by human hands”)
  • mannavist f (“human abode”)
  • mannavǫld
  • mannaðr (“manned; well-bred”)
  • mannbjǫrg f (“the saving of life”)
  • mannblót n (“human sacrifice”)
  • mannbroddr m (“ice-spur”)
  • mannbœtr m (“weregild”)
  • manndauði m, manndauðr m (“mortality”)
  • manndeild f (“difference of opinion”)
  • manndjǫfull m (“fiend of a man”)
  • manndráp n (“murder”)
  • manndrápari m (“man-slayer”)
  • manndygð f (“virtue”)
  • manndáð f (“act of prowess”)
  • manndómr m (“manliness, humanity”)
  • manndýrðir f pl (“manly qualities”)
  • manneldi n (“maintenance of a person”)
  • manneygr, mannýgr (“vicious, dangerous”)
  • mannfagnaðr m (“great entertainment”)
  • mannfall n (“death (in battle)”)
  • mannfang n
  • mannfarmr m (“shipload of men”)
  • mannferð f (“passing”)
  • mannfjándi m (“human fiend”)
  • mannfjǫldi m (“multitude”)
  • mannfolk n (“mankind, men”)
  • mannfróðr (“versed in history”)
  • mannfrœði f (“history”)
  • mannfundr m (“meeting”)
  • mannfár (“having few men”)
  • mannfæð f (“lack of people”)
  • mannfóli m (“fool”)
  • mannfýla f (“rascal”)
  • mannfœrð f (“condition of a road”)
  • mannfœða f, mannfœði n (“human food”)
  • mannfǫr f (“passage”)
  • manngarðr m (“ring of men”)
  • manngersemi f (“paragon”)
  • manngi (“nobody”)
  • manngirnd f, manngirni f (“a longing for a husband”)
  • manngjarn (“eager to marry”)
  • manngjarnliga (“eagerly”)
  • manngjǫld n pl (“weregild”)
  • manngœzka f (“kindness”)
  • mannhefnd f (“blood revenge”)
  • mannheill f (“favour”)
  • mannhelgr f (“inviolability of person, sanctuary”)
  • mannhringr m (“circle of men”)
  • mannhundr m (“scoundrel”)
  • mannhár
  • mannháski m (“danger of life”)
  • mannhætta f (“danger of life”)
  • mannhættr (“dangerous to life”)
  • mannhæð f (“the height of a man”)
  • mannhús n pl (“dwelling houses”)
  • mannhǫfn f (“maintenance of a person”)
  • mannillska f (“wickedness”)
  • mannjafnaðr m (“comparison of men”)
  • mannkind f (“human race”)
  • mannkostir m pl (“virtues”)
  • mannkvæmd f (“run of visitors”)
  • mannlauss (“without a husband”)
  • mannleysi n, mannlæða ~ mannlæra f (“good-for-nothing fellow”)
  • mannliga (“manfully”)
  • mannligr (“human”, adjective)
  • mannlát n (“loss of life”)
  • mannlíkan f (“image of man”)
  • mannlýti n (“blemish”)
  • mannlǫstr m (“blemish, fault”)
  • mannmargr (“having many men”)
  • mannmergð f (“host of people”)
  • mannmetnaðr m (“honour, esteem”)
  • mannmúgr m (“crowd of people”)
  • mannníðingr m (“miscreant”)
  • mannorð n (“fame, repute”)
  • mannraun f (“trial”)
  • mannráð n pl (“plots against a man's life”)
  • mannsaldr m (“a man's life, generation”)
  • mannsamnaðr m (“people assembled”)
  • mannsbani m (“man-slayer”)
  • mannsbarn n (“human being, living soul”)
  • mannsblóð n (“human blood”)
  • mannsbúkr m (“body, corpse”)
  • mannsefni n (“makings of a man”)
  • mannsekt f (“penalty paid in one's person”)
  • mannsemi f (“manfulness”)
  • mannsfylgja f (“fetch of a man”)
  • mannshár n (“human hair”)
  • mannshǫfuð n (“human head”)
  • mannskapr m (“manfulness, manhood, valour”)
  • mannskaði m (“loss of life, great loss in a person's death”)
  • mannskelmir m (“rascal”)
  • mannskepna f (“poor creature”)
  • mannskona f (“married woman”)
  • mannskræfa f (“miserable coward”)
  • mannskœðr (“dangerous to life”)
  • mannslíki n (“likeness of man”)
  • mannsmynd f (“human form”)
  • mannsmót n (“mark of a true man”)
  • mannspell, mannspjall n (“honour, reputation”)
  • mannstormr m (“rush of people”)
  • mannsvit n (“man's wit”)
  • mannsváði m (“loss of life”)
  • mannsæfi f (“a man's lifetime”)
  • mannsómi m (“honour, reputation”)
  • manntak n (“manhood, pith”)
  • manntal n (“muster, census”)
  • manntapi m, manntjón n (“loss of life”)
  • mannval n (“choice people”)
  • mannvandr
  • mannveiðr f (“seizing, catching of a man”)
  • mannvilla f (“mistreatment of paternity”)
  • mannvirki n (“work of human hands, great work”)
  • mannvirðing f (“rank, reknown, honour”)
  • mannvit n (“understanding”)
  • mannvænligr, mannvænn (“hopeful, promising”)
  • mannværr (“entitled to be with other men”)
  • mannæta f (“cannibal”)
  • mannúðigr (“gentle, affable”)
  • mannþrǫng f (“throng of men”)
  • mannþurfi (“in need of men”)
  • mannœli n (“wretch”)
  • menna (“to make a man of, breed”)
  • menniligr (“manly”)
  • mennska f (“human nature, humanity”)
  • mennskr (“human”) (adj.); m ("human being")
  • nauðmaðr m (“husband”)
  • nauðungarmaðr m
  • norðmaðr m (“Norseman”)

Descendants

  • Icelandic: maður
  • Faroese: maður
  • Norn: mann
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: mann; (dialectal) mann’e, (dialectal) mainnj
  • Jamtish: mǫnn (1000s Runic ᛘᚭᚦᚱ (mąþr))
  • Elfdalian: mað (accusative mann)
  • Old Swedish: maþer, madher, mander, man
  • Old Danish: man
    • Scanian: manð
    • Danish: mand, man
      • Norwegian Bokmål: mann, man
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: man
  • Old Gutnish: maþr, mandr

See also

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “maðr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 284; also available at the Internet Archive
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