English
Etymology
From Middle English [Term?], from past participle of Old French referer (“to relate, to refer”), from Latin referre (“to carry back, to report, to notify”); as if refer + -ee, that is, the person to whom something is referred for consideration.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/
- Rhymes: -iː
Noun
referee (plural referees)
- (sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.
The referee kicked Jim out of the game for fighting.
- A person who settles a dispute.
- (UK) A person who writes a letter of reference or provides a reference by phone call for someone. US English: reference.
Your application, along with letters from three referees, should be received by January 31.
- An expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published.
Usage notes
- In general, and as a usage guideline, a referee moves around with the game, while an umpire stays (approximately) in one place.
Derived terms
Translations
sport: umpire, judge of a game
- Arabic: حَكَم (ar) m (ḥakam)
- Armenian: մրցավար (hy) (mrcʻavar)
- Basque: epaile
- Belarusian: суддзя́ m or f (suddzjá), рэферы́ m or f (refjerý), арбі́тр m (arbítr), арбі́тар m (arbítar)
- Bulgarian: съдия́ (bg) m (sǎdijá), ре́фер m (réfer)
- Catalan: àrbitre (ca) m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 裁判 (zh) (cáipàn)
- Crimean Tatar: akem
- Czech: rozhodčí (cs) m
- Danish: dommer (da) c
- Dutch: scheidsrechter (nl)
- Esperanto: decidisto, arbitraciisto
- Faroese: dómari m
- Finnish: erotuomari (fi)
- French: arbitre (fr) m
- Georgian: please add this translation if you can
- German: Schiedsrichter (de) m, Schiedsrichterin (de) f
- Greek: διαιτητής (el) m (diaititís)
- Ancient: βραβευτής m (brabeutḗs)
- Greenlandic: dommeri
- Haitian Creole: abit
- Hebrew: שופט (he) m (shofét)
- Hungarian: bíró (hu), spori (hu)
- Irish: moltóir m, réiteoir m
- Italian: arbitro (it) m
- Japanese: 審判 (ja) (しんぱん, shinpan, しんばん, shinban), レフェリー (ja) (referī)
- Khmer: អាជ្ញាកណ្ដាល (km) (ʼaacñaa kɑndaal)
- Korean: 심판(審判) (ko) (simpan)
- Luxembourgish: Arbitter m
- Macedonian: су́дија m (súdija), судијка f (sudijka)
- Malay: pengadil, wasit
- Maori: rewherī, kaiwawao
- Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: dommer (no) m
- Nynorsk: dommar m
- Plautdietsch: Spellvemedla m
- Polish: sędzia (pl) m, arbiter (pl) m
- Portuguese: árbitro (pt) m, juiz (pt) m
- Romanian: arbitru (ro) m
- Russian: судья́ (ru) m or f (sudʹjá), рефери́ (ru) m or f (referí), арби́тр (ru) m (arbítr), (baseball, cricket) ампа́йр (ru) m (ampájr)
- Scottish Gaelic: rèitear m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: судија m, су́дац m, су̏ткиња f
- Roman: sudija (sh) m, súdac (sh) m, sȕtkinja (sh) f
- Slovak: rozhodca m, rozhodkyňa f
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: sudnik m, sudnica f
- Spanish: árbitro (es) m, réferi (es) m, referee m or f (Americas)
- Swedish: domare (sv) c
- Thai: please add this translation if you can
- Turkish: hakem (tr)
- Ukrainian: суддя́ m or f (suddjá), рефері́ m or f (referí), арбі́тр (uk) m (arbítr)
- Vietnamese: trọng tài (vi)
- Welsh: dyfarnwr m, dyfarnwraig f
|
person who settles a dispute
- Arabic: حَكَم (ar) m (ḥakam)
- Bulgarian: съдия́ (bg) m (sǎdijá), арбитър (bg) m (arbitǎr)
- Catalan: àrbitre (ca) m
- Dutch: arbiter (nl)
- Finnish: välimies (fi), sovittelija (fi)
- French: arbitre (fr) m
- German: Schlichter (de) m (general), Schiedsmann m (in jurisdiction), Ombudsmann (de) m, Ombudsfrau (de) f (where formalized using this term)
- Greek: διαιτητής (el) m (diaititís), εισηγητής (el) m (eisigitís)
- Korean: 중재인(仲裁人) (ko) (jungjaein)
- Macedonian: су́дија m (súdija)
- Maori: rewherī
- Portuguese: árbitro (pt) m, juiz (pt) m
- Romanian: arbitru (ro) m, judecător (ro) m
- Russian: судья́ (ru) m (sudʹjá), арби́тр (ru) m (arbítr)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: судија m, су́дац m, су̏ткиња f
- Roman: sudija (sh) m, súdac (sh) m, sȕtkinja (sh) f
- Spanish: árbitro (es) m
- Swedish: skiljedomare c
- Welsh: canolwr (cy) m, cyflafareddwr m
|
person who writes a letter of reference
expert who judges a manuscript
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Verb
referee (third-person singular simple present referees, present participle refereeing, simple past and past participle refereed)
- To act as a referee.
He has to referee three hockey games this weekend.
She has to finish refereeing an article for Nature.
Translations
to act as a judge of a game or contest
to write a letter of reference
Finnish
Etymology
From English referee.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrefereː/, [ˈre̞fe̞re̞ː]
- IPA(key): /ˈreferiː/, [ˈre̞fe̞riː]
- Rhymes: -efereː
- Syllabification(key): re‧fe‧ree
- Hyphenation(key): re‧fe‧ree
Noun
referee
- referee (expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published)
- Synonym: arvioija
Declension
| Inflection of referee (Kotus type 20/filee, no gradation)
|
| nominative
|
referee
|
refereet
|
| genitive
|
refereen
|
refereiden
refereitten
|
| partitive
|
refereetä
|
refereitä
|
| illative
|
refereehen
refereeseen
|
refereihin
refereisiin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
referee
|
refereet
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
referee
|
refereet
|
| gen.
|
refereen
|
| genitive
|
refereen
|
refereiden
refereitten
|
| partitive
|
refereetä
|
refereitä
|
| inessive
|
refereessä
|
refereissä
|
| elative
|
refereestä
|
refereistä
|
| illative
|
refereehen
refereeseen
|
refereihin
refereisiin
|
| adessive
|
refereellä
|
refereillä
|
| ablative
|
refereeltä
|
refereiltä
|
| allative
|
refereelle
|
refereille
|
| essive
|
refereenä
|
refereinä
|
| translative
|
refereeksi
|
refereiksi
|
| abessive
|
refereettä
|
refereittä
|
| instructive
|
—
|
referein
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
refereeni
|
refereeni
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
refereeni
|
refereeni
|
| gen.
|
refereeni
|
| genitive
|
refereeni
|
refereideni
refereitteni
|
| partitive
|
refereetäni
|
refereitäni
|
| inessive
|
refereessäni
|
refereissäni
|
| elative
|
refereestäni
|
refereistäni
|
| illative
|
refereeheni
refereeseeni
|
refereihini
refereisiini
|
| adessive
|
refereelläni
|
refereilläni
|
| ablative
|
refereeltäni
|
refereiltäni
|
| allative
|
refereelleni
|
refereilleni
|
| essive
|
refereenäni
|
refereinäni
|
| translative
|
refereekseni
|
refereikseni
|
| abessive
|
refereettäni
|
refereittäni
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
refereineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
refereesi
|
refereesi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
refereesi
|
refereesi
|
| gen.
|
refereesi
|
| genitive
|
refereesi
|
refereidesi
refereittesi
|
| partitive
|
refereetäsi
|
refereitäsi
|
| inessive
|
refereessäsi
|
refereissäsi
|
| elative
|
refereestäsi
|
refereistäsi
|
| illative
|
refereehesi
refereeseesi
|
refereihisi
refereisiisi
|
| adessive
|
refereelläsi
|
refereilläsi
|
| ablative
|
refereeltäsi
|
refereiltäsi
|
| allative
|
refereellesi
|
refereillesi
|
| essive
|
refereenäsi
|
refereinäsi
|
| translative
|
refereeksesi
|
refereiksesi
|
| abessive
|
refereettäsi
|
refereittäsi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
refereinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
refereemme
|
refereemme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
refereemme
|
refereemme
|
| gen.
|
refereemme
|
| genitive
|
refereemme
|
refereidemme
refereittemme
|
| partitive
|
refereetämme
|
refereitämme
|
| inessive
|
refereessämme
|
refereissämme
|
| elative
|
refereestämme
|
refereistämme
|
| illative
|
refereehemme
refereeseemme
|
refereihimme
refereisiimme
|
| adessive
|
refereellämme
|
refereillämme
|
| ablative
|
refereeltämme
|
refereiltämme
|
| allative
|
refereellemme
|
refereillemme
|
| essive
|
refereenämme
|
refereinämme
|
| translative
|
refereeksemme
|
refereiksemme
|
| abessive
|
refereettämme
|
refereittämme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
refereinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
refereenne
|
refereenne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
refereenne
|
refereenne
|
| gen.
|
refereenne
|
| genitive
|
refereenne
|
refereidenne
refereittenne
|
| partitive
|
refereetänne
|
refereitänne
|
| inessive
|
refereessänne
|
refereissänne
|
| elative
|
refereestänne
|
refereistänne
|
| illative
|
refereehenne
refereeseenne
|
refereihinne
refereisiinne
|
| adessive
|
refereellänne
|
refereillänne
|
| ablative
|
refereeltänne
|
refereiltänne
|
| allative
|
refereellenne
|
refereillenne
|
| essive
|
refereenänne
|
refereinänne
|
| translative
|
refereeksenne
|
refereiksenne
|
| abessive
|
refereettänne
|
refereittänne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
refereinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
refereensä
|
refereensä
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
refereensä
|
refereensä
|
| gen.
|
refereensä
|
| genitive
|
refereensä
|
refereidensä
refereittensä
|
| partitive
|
refereetään
refereetänsä
|
refereitään
refereitänsä
|
| inessive
|
refereessään
refereessänsä
|
refereissään
refereissänsä
|
| elative
|
refereestään
refereestänsä
|
refereistään
refereistänsä
|
| illative
|
refereehensä
refereeseensä
|
refereihinsä
refereisiinsä
|
| adessive
|
refereellään
refereellänsä
|
refereillään
refereillänsä
|
| ablative
|
refereeltään
refereeltänsä
|
refereiltään
refereiltänsä
|
| allative
|
refereelleen
refereellensä
|
refereilleen
refereillensä
|
| essive
|
refereenään
refereenänsä
|
refereinään
refereinänsä
|
| translative
|
refereekseen
refereeksensä
|
refereikseen
refereiksensä
|
| abessive
|
refereettään
refereettänsä
|
refereittään
refereittänsä
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
refereineen
refereinensä
|
|
Further reading
Spanish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English referee.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /refeˈɾi/ [re.feˈɾi], /ˈrefeɾi/ [ˈre.fe.ɾi]
- Rhymes: -i, -efeɾi
- Syllabification: re‧fe‧ree
Noun
referee m or f by sense (plural referees)
- alternative form of réferi
Usage notes
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading