避難
See also: 避难
Chinese
avoid; shun; flee avoid; shun; flee; escape; leave; to keep away; to leave; to hide |
disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (避難) | 避 | 難 | |
| simp. (避难) | 避 | 难 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bìnàn
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄋㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bìnàn
- Wade–Giles: pi4-nan4
- Yale: bì-nàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihnann
- Palladius: бинань (binanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ nän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bei6 naan6
- Yale: beih naahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: bei6 naan6
- Guangdong Romanization: béi6 nan6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯²² naːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phit-nan
- Hakka Romanization System: pidˋ nan
- Hagfa Pinyim: pid5 nan4
- Sinological IPA: /pʰit̚² nan⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī-lān
- Tâi-lô: pī-lān
- Phofsit Daibuun: pixlan
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²²⁻²¹ lan²²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi³³⁻²¹ lan³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻²² lan⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /pi³³⁻¹¹ lan³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiah-lān
- Tâi-lô: phiah-lān
- Phofsit Daibuun: phiahlan
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ lan³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /pʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lan³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bi7 nang7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pī nāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi¹¹ naŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
避⫽難 (verb-object)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 避 | 難 |
| ひ Grade: S |
なん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Noun
避難 • (hinan)
Verb
避難する • (hinan suru) intransitive suru (stem 避難し (hinan shi), past 避難した (hinan shita))
- evacuate
- 地上からより高い場所へ避難する
- chijō kara yori takai basho e hinan suru
- evacuate to a location above ground level
- 地上からより高い場所へ避難する
Conjugation
Conjugation of "避難する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 避難し | ひなんし | hinan shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 避難し | ひなんし | hinan shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 避難する | ひなんする | hinan suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 避難する | ひなんする | hinan suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 避難すれ | ひなんすれ | hinan sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 避難せよ¹ 避難しろ² |
ひなんせよ¹ ひなんしろ² |
hinan seyo¹ hinan shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 避難される | ひなんされる | hinan sareru | |
| Causative | 避難させる 避難さす |
ひなんさせる ひなんさす |
hinan saseru hinan sasu | |
| Potential | 避難できる | ひなんできる | hinan dekiru | |
| Volitional | 避難しよう | ひなんしよう | hinan shiyō | |
| Negative | 避難しない | ひなんしない | hinan shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 避難せず | ひなんせず | hinan sezu | |
| Formal | 避難します | ひなんします | hinan shimasu | |
| Perfective | 避難した | ひなんした | hinan shita | |
| Conjunctive | 避難して | ひなんして | hinan shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 避難すれば | ひなんすれば | hinan sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Derived terms
- 避難命令 (hinanmeirei, “evacuation order”)
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 避 | 難 |
Noun
避難 • (pinan) (hangeul 피난)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 避 | 難 |
Verb
避難