شفق

See also: شقق, سقف, and شقف

Arabic

Root
ش ف ق (š f q)
5 terms

Verb

شَفَقَ • (šafaqa) I (non-past يَشْفُقُ (yašfuqu) or يَشْفِقُ (yašfiqu), verbal noun شَفَق (šafaq) or شَفَقَة (šafaqa))

(construed with عَلَى (ʕalā)) to feel compassion with, have mercy upon, pardon
to love tenderly
(obsolete) to feel anxiety, to be cautious

Conjugation

Conjugation of **شَفَقَ** (I, sound, a ~ u/i, impersonal passive, verbal nouns **شَفَق**, *شَفَقَة*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					شَفَق, شَفَقَة šafaq, šafaqa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					شَافِق šāfiq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَشْفُوق mašfūq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَفَقْتُ šafaqtu	شَفَقْتَ šafaqta	شَفَقَ šafaqa	شَفَقْتُمَا šafaqtumā	شَفَقَا šafaqā	شَفَقْنَا šafaqnā	شَفَقْتُمْ šafaqtum	شَفَقُوا šafaqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شَفَقْتُ šafaqtu	شَفَقْتِ šafaqti	شَفَقَتْ šafaqat	شَفَقْتُمَا šafaqtumā	شَفَقَتَا šafaqatā	شَفَقْنَا šafaqnā	شَفَقْتُنَّ šafaqtunna	شَفَقْنَ šafaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْفُقُ, أَشْفِقُ ʔašfuqu, ʔašfiqu	تَشْفُقُ, تَشْفِقُ tašfuqu, tašfiqu	يَشْفُقُ, يَشْفِقُ yašfuqu, yašfiqu	تَشْفُقَانِ, تَشْفِقَانِ tašfuqāni, tašfiqāni	يَشْفُقَانِ, يَشْفِقَانِ yašfuqāni, yašfiqāni	نَشْفُقُ, نَشْفِقُ našfuqu, našfiqu	تَشْفُقُونَ, تَشْفِقُونَ tašfuqūna, tašfiqūna	يَشْفُقُونَ, يَشْفِقُونَ yašfuqūna, yašfiqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَشْفُقُ, أَشْفِقُ ʔašfuqu, ʔašfiqu	تَشْفُقِينَ, تَشْفِقِينَ tašfuqīna, tašfiqīna	تَشْفُقُ, تَشْفِقُ tašfuqu, tašfiqu	تَشْفُقَانِ, تَشْفِقَانِ tašfuqāni, tašfiqāni	تَشْفُقَانِ, تَشْفِقَانِ tašfuqāni, tašfiqāni	نَشْفُقُ, نَشْفِقُ našfuqu, našfiqu	تَشْفُقْنَ, تَشْفِقْنَ tašfuqna, tašfiqna	يَشْفُقْنَ, يَشْفِقْنَ yašfuqna, yašfiqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْفُقَ, أَشْفِقَ ʔašfuqa, ʔašfiqa	تَشْفُقَ, تَشْفِقَ tašfuqa, tašfiqa	يَشْفُقَ, يَشْفِقَ yašfuqa, yašfiqa	تَشْفُقَا, تَشْفِقَا tašfuqā, tašfiqā	يَشْفُقَا, يَشْفِقَا yašfuqā, yašfiqā	نَشْفُقَ, نَشْفِقَ našfuqa, našfiqa	تَشْفُقُوا, تَشْفِقُوا tašfuqū, tašfiqū	يَشْفُقُوا, يَشْفِقُوا yašfuqū, yašfiqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَشْفُقَ, أَشْفِقَ ʔašfuqa, ʔašfiqa	تَشْفُقِي, تَشْفِقِي tašfuqī, tašfiqī	تَشْفُقَ, تَشْفِقَ tašfuqa, tašfiqa	تَشْفُقَا, تَشْفِقَا tašfuqā, tašfiqā	تَشْفُقَا, تَشْفِقَا tašfuqā, tašfiqā	نَشْفُقَ, نَشْفِقَ našfuqa, našfiqa	تَشْفُقْنَ, تَشْفِقْنَ tašfuqna, tašfiqna	يَشْفُقْنَ, يَشْفِقْنَ yašfuqna, yašfiqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْفُقْ, أَشْفِقْ ʔašfuq, ʔašfiq	تَشْفُقْ, تَشْفِقْ tašfuq, tašfiq	يَشْفُقْ, يَشْفِقْ yašfuq, yašfiq	تَشْفُقَا, تَشْفِقَا tašfuqā, tašfiqā	يَشْفُقَا, يَشْفِقَا yašfuqā, yašfiqā	نَشْفُقْ, نَشْفِقْ našfuq, našfiq	تَشْفُقُوا, تَشْفِقُوا tašfuqū, tašfiqū	يَشْفُقُوا, يَشْفِقُوا yašfuqū, yašfiqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَشْفُقْ, أَشْفِقْ ʔašfuq, ʔašfiq	تَشْفُقِي, تَشْفِقِي tašfuqī, tašfiqī	تَشْفُقْ, تَشْفِقْ tašfuq, tašfiq	تَشْفُقَا, تَشْفِقَا tašfuqā, tašfiqā	تَشْفُقَا, تَشْفِقَا tašfuqā, tašfiqā	نَشْفُقْ, نَشْفِقْ našfuq, našfiq	تَشْفُقْنَ, تَشْفِقْنَ tašfuqna, tašfiqna	يَشْفُقْنَ, يَشْفِقْنَ yašfuqna, yašfiqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُشْفُقْ, اِشْفِقْ ušfuq, išfiq		اُشْفُقَا, اِشْفِقَا ušfuqā, išfiqā			اُشْفُقُوا, اِشْفِقُوا ušfuqū, išfiqū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُشْفُقِي, اِشْفِقِي ušfuqī, išfiqī		اُشْفُقَا, اِشْفِقَا ušfuqā, išfiqā			اُشْفُقْنَ, اِشْفِقْنَ ušfuqna, išfiqna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	شُفِقَ šufiqa	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُشْفَقُ yušfaqu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُشْفَقَ yušfaqa	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُشْفَقْ yušfaq	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Verb

شَفَّقَ • (šaffaqa) II (non-past يُشَفِّقُ (yušaffiqu), verbal noun تَشْفِيق (tašfīq))

(obsolete) to overcautiously produce in but a scanty fashion

Conjugation

Conjugation of **شَفَّقَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَشْفِيق*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَشْفِيق tašfīq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُشَفِّق mušaffiq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُشَفَّق mušaffaq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَفَّقْتُ šaffaqtu	شَفَّقْتَ šaffaqta	شَفَّقَ šaffaqa	شَفَّقْتُمَا šaffaqtumā	شَفَّقَا šaffaqā	شَفَّقْنَا šaffaqnā	شَفَّقْتُمْ šaffaqtum	شَفَّقُوا šaffaqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شَفَّقْتُ šaffaqtu	شَفَّقْتِ šaffaqti	شَفَّقَتْ šaffaqat	شَفَّقْتُمَا šaffaqtumā	شَفَّقَتَا šaffaqatā	شَفَّقْنَا šaffaqnā	شَفَّقْتُنَّ šaffaqtunna	شَفَّقْنَ šaffaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَفِّقُ ʔušaffiqu	تُشَفِّقُ tušaffiqu	يُشَفِّقُ yušaffiqu	تُشَفِّقَانِ tušaffiqāni	يُشَفِّقَانِ yušaffiqāni	نُشَفِّقُ nušaffiqu	تُشَفِّقُونَ tušaffiqūna	يُشَفِّقُونَ yušaffiqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُشَفِّقُ ʔušaffiqu	تُشَفِّقِينَ tušaffiqīna	تُشَفِّقُ tušaffiqu	تُشَفِّقَانِ tušaffiqāni	تُشَفِّقَانِ tušaffiqāni	نُشَفِّقُ nušaffiqu	تُشَفِّقْنَ tušaffiqna	يُشَفِّقْنَ yušaffiqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَفِّقَ ʔušaffiqa	تُشَفِّقَ tušaffiqa	يُشَفِّقَ yušaffiqa	تُشَفِّقَا tušaffiqā	يُشَفِّقَا yušaffiqā	نُشَفِّقَ nušaffiqa	تُشَفِّقُوا tušaffiqū	يُشَفِّقُوا yušaffiqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُشَفِّقَ ʔušaffiqa	تُشَفِّقِي tušaffiqī	تُشَفِّقَ tušaffiqa	تُشَفِّقَا tušaffiqā	تُشَفِّقَا tušaffiqā	نُشَفِّقَ nušaffiqa	تُشَفِّقْنَ tušaffiqna	يُشَفِّقْنَ yušaffiqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَفِّقْ ʔušaffiq	تُشَفِّقْ tušaffiq	يُشَفِّقْ yušaffiq	تُشَفِّقَا tušaffiqā	يُشَفِّقَا yušaffiqā	نُشَفِّقْ nušaffiq	تُشَفِّقُوا tušaffiqū	يُشَفِّقُوا yušaffiqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُشَفِّقْ ʔušaffiq	تُشَفِّقِي tušaffiqī	تُشَفِّقْ tušaffiq	تُشَفِّقَا tušaffiqā	تُشَفِّقَا tušaffiqā	نُشَفِّقْ nušaffiq	تُشَفِّقْنَ tušaffiqna	يُشَفِّقْنَ yušaffiqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شَفِّقْ šaffiq		شَفِّقَا šaffiqā			شَفِّقُوا šaffiqū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		شَفِّقِي šaffiqī		شَفِّقَا šaffiqā			شَفِّقْنَ šaffiqna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُفِّقْتُ šuffiqtu	شُفِّقْتَ šuffiqta	شُفِّقَ šuffiqa	شُفِّقْتُمَا šuffiqtumā	شُفِّقَا šuffiqā	شُفِّقْنَا šuffiqnā	شُفِّقْتُمْ šuffiqtum	شُفِّقُوا šuffiqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شُفِّقْتُ šuffiqtu	شُفِّقْتِ šuffiqti	شُفِّقَتْ šuffiqat	شُفِّقْتُمَا šuffiqtumā	شُفِّقَتَا šuffiqatā	شُفِّقْنَا šuffiqnā	شُفِّقْتُنَّ šuffiqtunna	شُفِّقْنَ šuffiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَفَّقُ ʔušaffaqu	تُشَفَّقُ tušaffaqu	يُشَفَّقُ yušaffaqu	تُشَفَّقَانِ tušaffaqāni	يُشَفَّقَانِ yušaffaqāni	نُشَفَّقُ nušaffaqu	تُشَفَّقُونَ tušaffaqūna	يُشَفَّقُونَ yušaffaqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُشَفَّقُ ʔušaffaqu	تُشَفَّقِينَ tušaffaqīna	تُشَفَّقُ tušaffaqu	تُشَفَّقَانِ tušaffaqāni	تُشَفَّقَانِ tušaffaqāni	نُشَفَّقُ nušaffaqu	تُشَفَّقْنَ tušaffaqna	يُشَفَّقْنَ yušaffaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَفَّقَ ʔušaffaqa	تُشَفَّقَ tušaffaqa	يُشَفَّقَ yušaffaqa	تُشَفَّقَا tušaffaqā	يُشَفَّقَا yušaffaqā	نُشَفَّقَ nušaffaqa	تُشَفَّقُوا tušaffaqū	يُشَفَّقُوا yušaffaqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُشَفَّقَ ʔušaffaqa	تُشَفَّقِي tušaffaqī	تُشَفَّقَ tušaffaqa	تُشَفَّقَا tušaffaqā	تُشَفَّقَا tušaffaqā	نُشَفَّقَ nušaffaqa	تُشَفَّقْنَ tušaffaqna	يُشَفَّقْنَ yušaffaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَفَّقْ ʔušaffaq	تُشَفَّقْ tušaffaq	يُشَفَّقْ yušaffaq	تُشَفَّقَا tušaffaqā	يُشَفَّقَا yušaffaqā	نُشَفَّقْ nušaffaq	تُشَفَّقُوا tušaffaqū	يُشَفَّقُوا yušaffaqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُشَفَّقْ ʔušaffaq	تُشَفَّقِي tušaffaqī	تُشَفَّقْ tušaffaq	تُشَفَّقَا tušaffaqā	تُشَفَّقَا tušaffaqā	نُشَفَّقْ nušaffaq	تُشَفَّقْنَ tušaffaqna	يُشَفَّقْنَ yušaffaqna

Noun

شَفَق • (šafaq) m (plural أَشْفَاق (ʔašfāq))

verbal noun of شَفَقَ (šafaqa, “to feel compassion with, have mercy upon”) (form I)
compassion, tender sympathy
ruddy light
1. the evening twilight; afterglow, crepuscule; gloaming
  Coordinate term: غَلَسَ (ḡalasa, “the morning twilight”)
(obsolete) heed, anxiety, precaution
(obsolete) a kind of tenuously red garment
(obsolete) aloof region confining on a location, tract of the coast or the like (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)
Synonyms: عِرَاق (ʕirāq), نَاحِيَة (nāḥiya), مَجَاز (majāz), عِرْض (ʕirḍ), سَوَاد (sawād), صُقْل (ṣuql), عَضُد (ʕaḍud)

Declension

Declension of noun **شَفَق** (šafaq)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَفَق šafaq	الشَّفَق aš-šafaq	شَفَق šafaq
nominative	شَفَقٌ šafaqun	الشَّفَقُ aš-šafaqu	شَفَقُ šafaqu
accusative	شَفَقًا šafaqan	الشَّفَقَ aš-šafaqa	شَفَقَ šafaqa
genitive	شَفَقٍ šafaqin	الشَّفَقِ aš-šafaqi	شَفَقِ šafaqi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَفَقَيْن šafaqayn	الشَّفَقَيْن aš-šafaqayn	شَفَقَيْ šafaqay
nominative	شَفَقَانِ šafaqāni	الشَّفَقَانِ aš-šafaqāni	شَفَقَا šafaqā
accusative	شَفَقَيْنِ šafaqayni	الشَّفَقَيْنِ aš-šafaqayni	شَفَقَيْ šafaqay
genitive	شَفَقَيْنِ šafaqayni	الشَّفَقَيْنِ aš-šafaqayni	شَفَقَيْ šafaqay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَشْفَاق ʔašfāq	الْأَشْفَاق al-ʔašfāq	أَشْفَاق ʔašfāq
nominative	أَشْفَاقٌ ʔašfāqun	الْأَشْفَاقُ al-ʔašfāqu	أَشْفَاقُ ʔašfāqu
accusative	أَشْفَاقًا ʔašfāqan	الْأَشْفَاقَ al-ʔašfāqa	أَشْفَاقَ ʔašfāqa
genitive	أَشْفَاقٍ ʔašfāqin	الْأَشْفَاقِ al-ʔašfāqi	أَشْفَاقِ ʔašfāqi

Descendants

Maltese: xefaq
→ Azerbaijani: şəfəq
→ Kazakh: шапақ (şapaq)
→ Northern Kurdish: şebeq
→ Persian: شفق
→ Turkish: şafak

References

Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 715–716
Freytag, Georg (1833) “شفق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 435
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شفق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 1249–1250
Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “شفق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1573.
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شفق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 547
Wehr, Hans (1979) “شفق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 559

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَفَق (šafaq).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃa.ˈfaq/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃä.fǽq]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃä.fǽq]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃä.fǽq]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæ.fǽɢ̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃä.fǽq]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šafaq
Dari reading^?	šafaq
Iranian reading^?	šafaġ
Tajik reading^?	šafaq

Noun

شفق • (šafaq)

the evening twilight, afterglow, crepuscule

Arabic

Verb

Conjugation

Verb

Conjugation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading