قعد

• IPA^(key): /qa.ʕa.da/

قَعَدَ • (qaʕada) I (non-past يَقْعُدُ (yaqʕudu), verbal noun قُعُود (quʕūd) or مَقْعَد (maqʕad))

1. to sit down
2. to sit
3. to remain sitting, to abide, to dwell
4. to be pensioned
5. to roost
6. to invite to sit, to seat
7. to stand
8. to be stiff
9. to be idle
10. to desist (عَن (ʕan) from), to cease
11. to bear no fruit every second year
12. to make a stand (بِ (bi) against)
13. to neglect
14. to keep from
15. (intransitive) to prepare a plan
16. (copulative) to become

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:صار

    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:29:

      وَلَا تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَىٰ عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَحْسُورًا

      walā tajʕal yadaka maḡlūlatan ʔilā ʕunuqika walā tabsuṭhā kulla l-basṭi fataqʕuda malūman maḥsūran

      Do not be so tight-fisted, for you will be blameworthy; nor so open-handed, for you will end up in poverty.

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قعد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

• IPA^(key): [ˈʔæʕæd]

قعد • (ʾaʿad) (present يقعد (yuʾʿad))

1. sit, stay

From Arabic قَعَدَ (qaʕada).

• IPA^(key): /ɡa.ʕad/

قَعَد • (ɡaʕad) I (non-past يِقْعُد (yiɡʕud))

1. to sit, to stay

   Synonyms: جلس (jalas), (rare) قر (garr)

From Arabic قَعَّدَ (qaʕʕada).

• IPA^(key): /ɡaʕ.ʕad/

قعد • (ɡaʕʕad) II (non-past يِقَعِّد (yiɡaʕʕid))

1. to let sit, to let stay

From Arabic قَعَدَ (qaʕada).

• IPA^(key): /ʔaʕad/

قعد • (ʔaʕad) I (non-past يقعد (yiʔʕud), active participle قاعد (ʔāʕid))

1. to sit, to sit down
2. (auxiliary, sometimes derogatory) Marks progressive aspect

   قعد يعملي محاضرة وأنا من دون شي مأخّر

   ʔaʕad yaʕmalli mḥāḍara w ʔana min dūn šī mʔaxxar

   He started sitting there lecturing me when I was already late

   قعدت كل شوي قوم طل من الشباك لحتى شوفك

   ʔaʕadt kill šwayy ʔūm ṭill mn š-šibbāk laḥatta šūfak

   I started getting up every so often to check out the window to spot you

   انشالله بدك تقعد تاكللي لقمة لقمة خلصني لف وخلصت السيرة

   nšaḷḷa baddak tiʔʕud tākilli liʔme liʔme ḵalliṣni liff w ḵilṣit s-sīre

   Don't tell me you're about to sit there eating bite by bite with flatbread, just make a sandwich [with the bread] and hurry up already

3. to spend time

   قعدت ساعتين عالواقف ما كان حدا يجبلي كرسي

   ʔaʕadt sāʕtēn ʕal-wāʔif ma kān ḥada yjibli kirsi

   I spent two hours standing, nobody would bring me a chair

• Alongside the imperatives إقعُد (ʔiʔʕud) and قعود (ʔʕōd), some dialects developed an irregular عود (ʕōd, “sit!”) to resolve the sequence of a glottal stop and pharyngeal, which are close enough articulatorily to make the sequence ripe for elision (compare variants of ملعقة (“spoon”)). As عود (ʕōd) developed from قعود (ʔʕōd), it does not exist in dialects that retain ق (q).

Inherited from Arabic قَعَّدَ (qaʕʕada) and synchronically a causative of قَعَد (ʔaʕad).

• IPA^(key): /ʔaʕʕad/

قعد • (ʔaʕʕad) II (non-past بقعد (yʔaʕʕid), active participle مقعِّد (mʔaʕʕid) or مقعَّد (mʔaʕʕad))

1. to force or allow to sit, stay
2. to keep [with direct object ‘someone’]

From قَعَد (ʔaʕad) by reducing the sequence of a glottal stop and a pharyngeal in the imperfective conjugations, which also happened in the imperative عود (ʕōd, “sit!”) mentioned above. This was allowed to happen to the imperfective in dialects with imala, in which the pronunciation ē of long alif is similar or identical to an elongated lax /i/ [ɪ, e], because it made way for قعد (ʔaʕad, “to sit”) to be incorporated into the class of native hamzated verbs: ياكل (yēkul, “to eat”), ياخد (yēḵud, “to take”), and newly ياعد (yēʕud, “to sit”). Does not exist in dialects that retain ق (q).

• IPA^(key): /ʔaʕad/
• (Lebanon, imala, in the imperfective) IPA^(key): /yeːʕud/; [yeːʕod, -ud]

قعد • (ʔaʕad) I (non-past ياعد (yēʕud), active participle قاعد (ʔāʕid)) (Lebanon, imala)

1. alternative form of قَعَد (ʔaʕad, “to sit”)

From قَعَد (ʔaʕad). Likely also reflects difficulty pronouncing an approximant /ʕ/ intervocalically and in close proximity to a glottal stop.

• IPA^(key): /ʔaʕʕad/

قعد • (ʔaʕʕad) I (non-past يقعد (yiʔʕud), active participle قاعد (ʔāʕid))

1. alternative form of قَعَد (ʔaʕad, “to sit”)

• The geminate is present in all perfective conjugations.

From Arabic قَعَدَ (qaʕada).

• IPA^(key): (Ramallah) /ʔa.ʕad/, [ˈʔa.ʕad]
• IPA^(key): (Gaza) /ɡa.ʕad/, [ˈɡa.ʕad]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

قعد • (ʔaʕad) I (present بقعد (boʔʕod), active participle قاعد (ʔāʕed))

1. to sit down, to sit [with على (ʕala)]

   قعدت آخر صفّ. ― ʔaʕadt āḵer ṣaff. ― I sat down in the last row.

   الجاجة قاعدة عالبيض. ― il-jāje ʔāʕede ʕal-bēḍ. ― The hen is sitting on the eggs.

2. (by extension) to hang out, to spend time with [with مع (maʕ) ‘with someone’]

   ياريت لو عندي أكتر وقت نقعد مع بعض.

   yarēt law ʕandi aktar waʔt noʔʕod maʕ baʕḍ.

   I wish I had more time for us to hang out together.

3. to remain, to stay

   قعدت خاطب تقريبا سنة.

   ʔaʕadt ḵāṭeb taʔrīban sane.

   I was engaged for about a year.

   (literally, “I remained engaged for approximately a year.”)

   بزبط تقعد هون وتخلّي عينك عالأولاد؟

   boẓbot toʔʕod hōn w tḵalli ʕenak ʕal-ūlād?

   Could you stay here and keep an eye on the kids?

   قدّيش إلك قاعد هون؟

   ʔaddeš ilak ʔāʕed hōn?

   How long have you been living here?

   (literally, “How long have you been staying here?”)

4. to surf (the internet)