चतुर्

See also: चतुर, चूतर, चैत्र, and चित्र

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

catur (Latin script)
𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
চতুর্ (Bengali script)
චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
စတုရ် or ၸတုရ် (Burmese script)
จตุรฺ or จะตุร (Thai script)
ᨧᨲᩩᩁ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
ຈຕຸຣ຺ or ຈະຕຸຣ or ຈະຕຸລ (Lao script)
ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
𑄌𑄖𑄪𑄢𑄴 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

catu (Latin script)
𑀘𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
चतु (Devanagari script)
চতু (Bengali script)
චතු (Sinhalese script)
စတု or ၸတု (Burmese script)
จตุ or จะตุ (Thai script)
ᨧᨲᩩ (Tai Tham script)
ຈຕຸ or ຈະຕຸ (Lao script)
ចតុ (Khmer script)
𑄌𑄖𑄪 (Chakma script)

Numeral

चतुर् (catur)

Devanagari script form of catur (“four”)

Declension

Declension table of "चतुर्" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चत्तारो (cattāro) or चतुरो (caturo)
Accusative (second)	चत्तारो (cattāro) or चतुरो (caturo)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Declension table of "चतुर्" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चतस्सो (catasso)
Accusative (second)	चतस्सो (catasso)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतस्सन्नं (catassannaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतस्सन्नं (catassannaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Declension table of "चतुर्" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चत्तारि (cattāri)
Accusative (second)	चत्तारि (cattāri)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Sanskrit

**Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)**
	40
← 3	४ 4	5 →
Cardinal: चतुर् (catur) Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya) Adverbial: चतुस् (catus) Multiplier: चतुर्धा (caturdhā)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

চতুৰ্ (Assamese script)
ᬘᬢᬸᬃ (Balinese script)
চতুর্ (Bengali script)
𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
စတုရ် (Burmese script)
ચતુર્ (Gujarati script)
ਚਤੁਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦕꦠꦸꦂ (Javanese script)
𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಚತುರ್ (Kannada script)
ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
ຈຕຸຣ຺ (Lao script)
ചതുര് (Malayalam script)
ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵ (Manchu script)
𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷ (Mongolian script)
𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
ଚତୁର୍ (Odia script)
ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
சதுர் (Tamil script)
చతుర్ (Telugu script)
จตุรฺ (Thai script)
ཙ་ཏུ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭 (caθβar), Old Armenian չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Church Slavonic четꙑре (četyre), Latin quattuor, Old English feower (whence English four).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.túɾ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ/

Numeral

चतुर् • (catúr)

(cardinal numbers) four

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of चतुर्
	plural
nominative	चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ)
accusative	चतुरः (catúraḥ)
instrumental	चतूर्भिः (catū́rbhiḥ)
dative	चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
ablative	चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
genitive	चतुर्णाम् (caturṇā́m)
locative	चतूर्षु (catū́rṣu)
vocative	चत्वारः (cátvāraḥ)

Feminine ṛ-stem declension of चतसृ
	plural
nominative	चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)
accusative	चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)
instrumental	चतसृभिः (catasṛ́bhiḥ)
dative	चतसृभ्यः (catasṛ́bhyaḥ)
ablative	चतसृभ्यः (catasṛ́bhyaḥ)
genitive	चतसृणाम् (catasṛṇā́m)
locative	चतसृषु (catasṛ́ṣu)
vocative	चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)

Neuter root-stem declension of चतुर्
	plural
nominative	चत्वारि (catvā́ri)
accusative	चत्वारि (catvā́ri)
instrumental	चतूर्भिः (catū́rbhiḥ)
dative	चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
ablative	चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
genitive	चतुर्णाम् (caturṇā́m)
locative	चतूर्षु (catū́rṣu)
vocative	चत्वारि (cátvāri)

Descendants

All inherited descendants point to चत्वारस् (catvāras), the nominative plural form of चतुर् (catur).

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀭𑁄 (catpāro) (Girnar)
Pali: catur
- → Thai: จัตวา
→ Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
→ Malay: catur
- Indonesian: catur
Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺 (cattāri) — feminine, 𑀘𑀉𑀭𑁄 (caüro)
- Khasa Prakrit:
  - Nepali: चार (cār)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
  - Assamese: চাৰি (sari)
  - Bengali: চার (car)
  - Odia: ଚାରି (cāri)
  - Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠁꠞ (sair)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
  - Marathi: चार (cār)
- Helu Prakrit:
  - Sinhalese: හතර (hatara)
  - Dhivehi: ހަތަރު (hataru)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
  - Saurashtra: ꢗꢵꢬ꣄ (cār)
  - Domari: štares
  - Gujarati: ચાર (cār)
  - Hindi: चार (cār)
  - Punjabi: ਚਾਰ (cār)
  - Romani: śtar, shtar (Anglicized), štar (Pan-Vlax)
  - Sindhi: چارِ
  - Urdu: چار (cār)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “चतुर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 384, column 1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “catvar-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 526-527
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “catvā́raḥ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 252