वृ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • ৱৃ (Assamese script)
  • ᬯᬺ (Balinese script)
  • বৃ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰪𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀯𑀾 (Brahmi script)
  • ဝၖ (Burmese script)
  • વૃ (Gujarati script)
  • ਵ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌵𑍃 (Grantha script)
  • ꦮꦽ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂫𑃂 (Kaithi script)
  • ವೃ (Kannada script)
  • វ្ឫ (Khmer script)
  • ວ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
  • വൃ (Malayalam script)
  • ᠸᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘪𑘵 (Modi script)
  • ᠸᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧊𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐰𑐺 (Newa script)
  • ଵୃ (Odia script)
  • ꢮꢺ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆮𑆸 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖪𑖴 (Siddham script)
  • වෘ (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩾𑩙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚦 (Takri script)
  • வ்ரி (Tamil script)
  • వృ (Telugu script)
  • วฺฤ (Thai script)
  • ཝྲྀ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒫𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨭𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to cover”), and related to Latin operiō (“to cover, shut”), Lithuanian suvérti (“to shut”).[1]

    Older theories derived the root from Proto-Indo-Aryan *war-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *war-, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, envelop”), and connected the root to Scottish Gaelic fearann (“estate, land”), Avestan 𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬛𐬥𐬁 (uardnā, “cover, envelope”). Other theories connected the root to Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, coil”).[2] These two Indo-European roots may have semantically influenced and merged with the Sanskrit (though Mayrhofer and Rix seem to reconstruct the *welH- as *wel- instead).[3]

    Alternative forms

    Root

    वृ • (vṛ)

    1. to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct
    2. to close (a door)
    3. to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain
    Derived terms
    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ (2 c, 18 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वृ (13 c, 0 e)
    Primary Verbal Forms
    • वृणोति (vṛṇóti) (Present)
    • ऊर्णोति (ūrṇóti) (Present)
    • वरति (várati) (Present)
    • वृणाति (vṛṇāti) (Present)
    • वरीșयति (varīșyati) (Future)
    • वरीता (varītā) (Periphrastic Future)
    • अवर् (ávar) (Aorist)
    • अवारीत् (ávārīt) (Aorist)
    • व्रियात् (vriyāt) (Benedictive)
    • ववार (vavā́ra) (Perfect)
    Secondary Forms
    • व्रियते (vriyate) (Passive)
    • अवारि (ávāri) (Passive Aorist)
    • वारयति (vāráyati) (Causative)
    • अवीवरत् (ávīvarat) (Causative Aorist)
    • वार्यते (vāryate) (Passive of Causative)
    • विवारयिषते (vivārayiṣate) (Desiderative of Causative)
    • वरीवर्ति (várīvarti) (Intensive)
    Non-Finite Forms
    • वृत (vṛtá) (Past Participle)
    • वर्तुम् (vartum) (Infinitive)
    • वर्तवे (vártave) (Infinitive)
    • वृत्वा (vṛtvā́) (Gerund)
    • वृत्वी (vṛtvī́) (Gerund)
    • वृत्वाय (vṛtvā́ya) (Gerund)
    • वृत्य (vṛ́tya) (Gerund)
    • वरणीय (varaṇīya) (Gerundive)
    • वारित (vārita) (Causative Past Participle)
    • वार्य (vārya) (Causative Gerundive)
    • वारणीय (vāraṇīya) (Causative Gerundive)
    • वारयितव्य (vārayitavya) (Causative Gerundive)
    • विवारयिषु (vivārayiṣu) (Desiderative Participle of Causative)
    Derived Nominal Forms
    Prefixed Root Forms
    • अपवृ (apavṛ)
    • अभिवृ (abhivṛ)
    • आवृ (āvṛ)
    • परिवृ (parivṛ)
    • प्रवृ (pravṛ)
    • विवृ (vivṛ)
    • संवृ (saṃvṛ)

    References

    1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 555-6
    2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 512-3
    3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 228: “Im Ved. ist *Hu̯er- mit l .*u̯el- 'einschließen' und 1 .*u̯er- 'aufhalten, wehren' zusammengefallen;”

    Etymology 2

    Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, to want”). Cognate with Latin volo (“to wish, want”), English will.[1]

    Alternative forms

    Root

    वृ • (vṛ)

    1. to choose, select
    2. to ask a person for or on behalf of
    3. to solicit anything from
    4. to like, love well
    Derived terms
    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ (choose) (0 c, 2 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वृ (choose) (1 c, 0 e)
    Primary Verbal Forms
    • वृणीते (vṛṇīté) (Present)
    • वृणाति (vṛṇāti) (Present)
    • वृणोति (vṛṇoti) (Present)
    • वरिष्यते (variṣyate) (Future)
    • वरिता (varitā́) (Periphrastic Future)
    • अव्रि (ávri) (Aorist)
    • अवृत (ávṛta) (Aorist)
    • अवृषि (ávṛṣi) (Aorist)
    • अवरिष्ट (ávariṣṭa) (Aorist)
    • वव्रे (vavré) (Perfect)
    Secondary Forms
    • व्रियते (vriyate) (Passive)
    • वरयति (varayati) (Causative)
    • वारयति (vārayati) (Causative)
    • वर्यते (varyate) (Passive of Causative)
    • विवरिषति (vivariṣati) (Desiderative)
    • वेवृयते (vevṛyate) (Intensive)
    Non-Finite Forms
    • वृत (vṛtá) (Past Participle)
    • वरितुम् (varitum) (Infinitive)
    • वरित्वा (varitvā) (Gerund)
    • वृत्वा (vṛtvā) (Gerund)
    • वर्य (varya) (Gerundive)
    • वार्य (vārya) (Gerundive)
    • वरणीय (varaṇīya) (Gerundive)
    Derived Nominal Forms

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 511-2
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