Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welH-

• *wel-

*welH-^[1]

1. to roll, to undulate

• *wélH-ti ~ *wl̥H-énti (root present)^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Latgalian: veļt
    • Latvian: velt (“to roll, felt”)
    • Lithuanian: vélti (“to felt, tousle”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wulaną (“to well up”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *wolwō (< *wélH-w-ti) (Uses *o-grade for lemma consistency.)
    • Latin: volvō (“to roll, tumble”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wé-wolH-ti ~ *wé-wl̥H-n̥ti (e-reduplicated athematic present)^[1]
  • Proto-Germanic: *wallaną (“to well up”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wolH-éye-ti (iterative)^[1]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *valiti (“to fall”) (see there for further descendants)
• ^?*wélH-de-ti^[1]
  • Proto-Germanic: *weltaną (“to roll”) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *waltijaną (“to cause to roll about”, secondary causative)
• *wl̥H-mí-s (“wave”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wr̥Hmíš (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Albanian: *walwā
    • Albanian: valle (“fold dance”)
  • Proto-Albanian: *walā
    • Albanian: valë (“wave”)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գելում (gelum, “to twist”), գիլ (gil, “rolling”), գալար (galar, “twist”), գաղձն (gałjn, “convolvulus”), գեղձ (gełj, “bindweed”), (possibly) գողտր (gołtr, “mild”)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Baltic:
      • Latgalian: vēļ
      • Latvian: vēl (“yet, still”)
      • Lithuanian: vėl (“again”)
    • Slavic:
      • Russian: вал (val, “billow”)
  • Proto-Celtic: *walensnā^[2]
    • Proto-Brythonic: *gwalenn
      • Middle Breton: goalenn (“green twig”)
        • Breton: gwalenn
  • Proto-Celtic: *welnīti
    • Old Irish: fillid (“to bend”)
      • Middle Irish: fillid
        • Irish: fill, pill
        • Manx: filley
        • Scottish Gaelic: fill
      • Middle Irish: tillid (as if prefixed with to-)
        • Irish: till
        • Scottish Gaelic: till
  • Proto-Germanic: *waluz (“stick”), *wiligaz (“willow”), *walwijaną (“to roll”), *walkaną (“to turn, walk”), *walkōną (“to roll, to full”), *walgōną (“to roll”), *wallijǭ (“well; wave”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ᾱ̔λής (hālḗs) (< *sm̥wl̥ēs), ᾱ̔λίᾱ (hālíā), ᾱ̔λίζω (hālízō), ἀολλέες (aollées) (< *sm̥wolnēs), εἰλεός (eileós), εἰλύω (eilúō), εἴλω (eílō), ἕλιξ (hélix), ἑλίσσω (helíssō), ἐλύω (elúō), ἡλιαίᾱ (hēliaíā), ἴλη (ílē), ὅλμος (hólmos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: उल्ब (úlba), उल्व (úlva)
      • Sanskrit: वलय (valaya, “coil”)
      • Sanskrit: वलयति (valayati, “to cause to turn”)
      • Sanskrit: वल्लि (valli, “creeper; winding plant”)
  • Proto-Italic: *wolwumen, *wolgos, *wolwā
    • Latin: valgus, vallis, vallum, valva, volumen, vulgus, vulva (see there for further descendants)

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1140ff”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1140ff