शहर
Bhojpuri
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شهر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (šahr), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaça). Compare Hindi शहर (śahar).
Noun
शहर (śahar) m (Kaithi 𑂬𑂯𑂩)
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهْر (šahr). Doublet of खाता (khātā). Cognate of Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatrá, “dominion, kingdom”).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʃə.ɦəɾ/, [ʃɛ.ɦɛɾ]
Noun
शहर • (śahar) m (Urdu spelling شہر)
- city
- 1983, “Bombay Sheher Haadson Ka”, in M. G. Hashmat (lyrics), Kalyanji–Anandji (music), Haadsa, performed by Amit Kumar, Universal Music India:
- यह बम्बई शहर हादसों का शहर है
- yah bambaī śahar hādsõ kā śahar hai
- This city of Bombay is a city of "incidents"
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | शहर śahar |
शहर śahar |
| oblique | शहर śahar |
शहरों śaharõ |
| vocative | शहर śahar |
शहरो śaharo |
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شهر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (šahr), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaça-). Doublet of खाते (khāte). Compare Hindi शहर (śahar).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɕə.ɦəɾ/, [ɕəɾ]
Noun
शहर • (śahar) n
Declension
| Declension of शहर (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
शहर śahar | ||
| direct plural |
शहरे, शहरं śahare, śahra | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
शहर śahar |
शहरे, शहरं śahare, śahra | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
शहरा śaharā |
शहरां- śaharān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
शहराला śaharālā |
शहरांना śaharānnā | |
| ergative | शहराने, शहरानं śaharāne, śaharāna |
शहरांनी śaharānnī | |
| instrumental | शहराशी śaharāśī |
शहरांशी śaharānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
शहरात śaharāt |
शहरांत śaharāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
शहरा śaharā |
शहरांनो śaharānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of शहर (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
शहराचा śaharāċā |
शहराचे śaharāċe |
शहराची śaharācī |
शहराच्या śaharācā |
शहराचे, शहराचं śaharāċe, śaharāċa |
शहराची śaharācī |
शहराच्या śaharācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
शहरांचा śaharānċā |
शहरांचे śaharānċe |
शहरांची śaharāñcī |
शहरांच्या śaharāncā |
शहरांचे, शहरांचं śaharānċe, śaharānċa |
शहरांची śaharāñcī |
शहरांच्या śaharāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Synonyms
- नगर (nagar)
Derived terms
- शहरी (śahrī, “urban”)
- शहरीकरण (śahrīkraṇ, “urbanization”)
Nepali
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Hindi शहर (śahar), borrowed from Classical Persian شَهْر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sʌ̤ːr]
- Phonetic Devanagari: सःर्
Noun
शहर • (śahar)
Descendants
- → Kusunda: səhər
Further reading
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “शहर्”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 573