伴

See also: 件

伴	U+4F34, 伴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F34

← 伳
[U+4F33]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伵 →
[U+4F35]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

伴 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人火手 (OFQ), four-corner 2925₀, composition ⿰亻半)

Derived characters

𠴞, 𢭬, 𣵲, 𦁂, 𡖱, 𪨠

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 475
Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 1
Unihan data for U+4F34

Chinese

simp. and trad.		伴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伴
Small seal script s05717 Transcribed ancient scripts L34680 L33538 L15886 L15887
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
半	*paːns
絆	*paːns
靽	*paːns
姅	paːns, pʰaːns
拌	pʰaːn, baːnʔ
拚	pʰaːn, brons, pʰaːn, puns
坢	*pʰaːnʔ
判	*pʰaːns
泮	*pʰaːns
頖	*pʰaːns
胖	*pʰaːns
冸	*pʰaːns
牉	*pʰaːns
柈	*baːn
伴	baːnʔ, baːns
叛	*baːns
畔	*baːns
袢	*ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baːnʔ, *baːns): semantic 亻 + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bàn (ban⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bun⁶ / pun⁵ / bun^6-2 / pun^5-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phân
Jin (Wiktionary): ban³
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pua⁵ / puann⁵ / buang⁵ / buong⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phōaⁿ / phǒaⁿ / pōaⁿ / poān / phoǎn / phoān

(Teochew, Peng'im): puan⁶
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bonn⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàn
  - Wade–Giles: pan⁴
  - Yale: bàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bann
  - Palladius: бань (banʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bun⁶ / pun⁵ / bun^6-2 / pun^5-2
  - Yale: buhn / púhn / bún / pún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bun⁶ / pun⁵ / bun^6-2 / pun^5-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: bun⁶ / pun⁵ / bun^6-2 / pun^5-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːn²²/, /pʰuːn¹³/, /puːn²²⁻³⁵/, /pʰuːn¹³⁻³⁵/

Note: bun6-2/pun5-2 - partner, companion (standalone word).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phân
  - Hakka Romanization System: pan^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ban³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pæ̃⁴⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pua⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰua¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: puann⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰũã²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: buang⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: buāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puaŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: buong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puoŋ²¹/

Note:

pua5/puann5 - vernacular (as in 做伴);
buang5/buong5 - literary (as in 伴隨, 伴侶).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phuānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phvoa
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰuã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phǒaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phuǎnn
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰuã³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: puānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvoa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /puã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poān
  - Tâi-lô: puān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /puan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoǎn
  - Tâi-lô: phuǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰuan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoān
  - Tâi-lô: phuān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰuan³³/

Note:

phōaⁿ/phǒaⁿ - vernacular (“companion; to accompany; something attached to the main instrument”);
pōaⁿ - vernacular;
poān/phoǎn/phoān - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: puan⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuăⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰũã³⁵/

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bonn⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /põ²¹/

Middle Chinese: banX

Rime
Character	伴
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒲旱切
Baxter	banX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwan^X/
Li Rong	/buɑn^X/
Wang Li	/buɑn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.b]ˤanʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*baːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ban^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.b]ˁanʔ/
English	comrade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伴
Reading #	1/2
No.	258
Phonetic component	半
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*baːnʔ/

Definitions

伴

companion
to accompany
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) something attached to the main instrument
a surname

Compounds

伙伴 (huǒbàn)
作伴 (zuòbàn)
伴侶 / 伴侣 (bànlǚ)
伴侶動物 / 伴侣动物 (bànlǚ dòngwù)
伴同 (bàntóng)
伴哥
伴唱 (bànchàng)
伴唱帶 / 伴唱带
伴唱影碟
伴唱機 / 伴唱机
伴夥 / 伴伙
伴大夜
伴奏 (bànzòu)
伴姑
伴姑兒 / 伴姑儿
伴娘 (bànniáng)
伴宿 (bànsù)
伴手 (bànshǒu)
伴星 (bànxīng)
伴材
伴當 / 伴当 (bàndāng)
伴等
伴舞 (bànwǔ)
伴讀 / 伴读 (bàndú)
伴送
伴郎 (bànláng)
伴隨 / 伴随 (bànsuí)
伴食
伴食中書 / 伴食中书
伴食宰相
做伴 (zuòbàn)
偷偷伴伴
同伴 (tóngbàn)
呼朋引伴
夥伴 / 伙伴 (huǒbàn)
女伴 (nǚbàn)
學伴 / 学伴
廝伴 / 厮伴
搭伴 (dābàn)
旅伴 (lǚbàn)
木伴哥
火伴 (huǒbàn)
玩伴 (wánbàn)
男伴 (nánbàn)
相伴
窩伴 / 窝伴
終身伴侶 / 终身伴侣
結伴 / 结伴 (jiébàn)
老伴 (láobàn)
舞伴 (wǔbàn)
良伴 (liángbàn)
遊伴 / 游伴
陪伴 (péibàn)
館伴 / 馆伴

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (伴):

→ Japanese: 伴 (伴)
→ Vietnamese: bạn (伴)

Others:

Tai Languages
- Proto-Southwestern Tai
  - Thai: เพื่อน (pʉ̂ʉan, “companion, friend”)
    - → Khmer: ភឿន (phɨən, “companion, friend”)
    - → Northern Khmer: พฺืน (“companion, friend”)
  - Lao: ເພື່ອນ (phư̄an, “companion, friend”), ເພິ່ນ (phœn, “he, she, it, him, her”)
    - Isan: เพื่อน (“companion, friend”), เพิ่น (“he, she, it, him, her”)
  - Northern Thai: ᨻᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᩁ (“companion, friend”), ᨻᩮᩥ᩠᩵ᨶ (“he, she”)
  - Shan: ပိူၼ်ႈ (pōen)
  - Lü: ᦵᦗᦲᧃᧈ (poen¹, “he, she, friend”)
  - Tai Nüa: ᥙᥫᥢ (poen)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pàn (pan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pun³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pàn
  - Wade–Giles: pʻan⁴
  - Yale: pàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pann
  - Palladius: пань (panʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pun³
  - Yale: pun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pun³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pun³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn³³/

Middle Chinese: banH

Rime
Character	伴
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄半切
Baxter	banH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwan^H/
Li Rong	/buɑn^H/
Wang Li	/buɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*baːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伴
Reading #	2/2
No.	262
Phonetic component	半
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	叛
Old Chinese	/*baːns/

Definitions

伴

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 伴奐／伴奂 (pànhuàn, “relaxed; free; unrestrained”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 叛 (pàn, “to rebel”)
- 氾潏潏其前後兮，伴張弛之信期 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  氾潏潏其前后兮，伴张弛之信期 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  fán yùyù qí qiánhòu xī, pàn zhāngchí zhī xìnqī [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

“伴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “伴”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 221.

Japanese

Shinjitai	伴
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	伴󠄁 伴+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	伴󠄃 伴+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

伴

(Jōyō kanji)

consort

Readings

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX); compare Mandarin 伴 (bàn):

Go-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banH); compare Mandarin 伴 (pàn):

Go-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: ともなう (tomonau, 伴う, Jōyō)^{←ともなふ (tomonafu, 伴ふ, historical)}、とも (tomo, 伴)
Nanori: すけ (suke)、とも (tomo)

Compounds

伴連(ともづ)れ (tomozure)
伴船(ともぶね) (tomobune)
伴性遺伝(はんせいいでん) (hanseīden)
伴侶(はんりょ) (hanryo)
伴食(ばんしょく) (banshoku)
伴奏(ばんそう) (bansō)
伴僧(ばんそう) (bansō)
伴走(ばんそう) (bansō)
伴星(ばんせい) (bansei)
随伴(ずいはん) (zuihan)
同伴(どうはん) (dōhan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
伴
ばん Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX|banH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

伴(ばん) • (Ban)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
伴
とも Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞mo̞]

Proper noun

伴(とも) • (Tomo)

a surname

Noun

For pronunciation and definitions of 伴 – see the following entries.

【共とも】4

[noun] both, all

[suffix] altogether

[suffix] ...included

【とも】	[noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal [noun] member of the same category Alternative spellings 友, 朋, 侶

(This term, 伴, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

References

^ “伴”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 132 (paper), page 116 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX). Recorded as Middle Korean 반〯 (pǎn) (Yale: pan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

伴 (eumhun 짝 반 (jjak ban))

hanja form^? of 반 (“companion”)

Compounds

동반 (同伴, dongban, “accompaniment”)
반려 (伴侶, ballyeo, “partner; companion”)
반주 (伴奏, banju, “(music) accompaniment”)
수반 (隨伴, suban, “accompaniment”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

伴: Hán Việt readings: bạn^[1]^[2]
伴: Nôm readings: bạn^[1]^[2]

chữ Hán form of bạn (“friend”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Trần (2004).

[1] “伴”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

[2] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 132 (paper), page 116 (digital)

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[gdhn-4] 2.0 ^2.1 Trần (2004).

[1]

[2]

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