剩

See also: 剰 and 賸

剩	U+5269, 剩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5269

← 剨
[U+5268]

CJK Unified Ideographs

剪 →
[U+526A]

Translingual

Japanese	剰
Simplified	剩
Traditional	剩

Han character

剩 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹心中弓 (HPLN), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰乘刂)

Descendants

剰

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2109
Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 350, character 10
Unihan data for U+5269

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
乘	ɦljɯŋ, ɦljɯŋs
溗	*ɦljɯŋ
塖	*ɦljɯŋ
騬	*ɦljɯŋ
椉	*ɦljɯŋ
剩	*ɦljɯŋs
嵊	*ɦljɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦljɯŋs): phonetic 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs) + semantic 刀.

Etymology 1

trad.		剩
simp. ^#		剩
2nd round simp.		⿰生刂
alternative forms		賸剰𪟏𠟇𠝍

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèng (sheng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁶ / zing⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵ / ding⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zan; ⁶zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
  - Yale: shèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
  - Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sing⁶ / zing⁶
  - Yale: sihng / jihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁶ / dzing⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁶ / jing⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²²/, /t͡sɪŋ²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ding⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ¹¹/

Note:

sing5 - vernacular;
ding5 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn / sēng
  - Tâi-lô: sīn / sīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sin, seng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sin²²/, /siɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/, /siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin²²/, /siɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sin³³/, /siɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin³³/, /siɪŋ³³/

Note:

sīn - vernacular;
sēng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sing⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ¹¹/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zan; ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zan^去; zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan; ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/, /zən²³/

Note:

3zan - vernacular;
3zen - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剩
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂəŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂəŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂəŋ⁵³/ /səŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂəŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂəŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʂə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂəŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sən³⁵/
	Chengdu	/sən¹³/
	Guiyang	/sen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂə̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁴/ /ʂən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʂən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zeŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən⁵⁵/ /ʂən¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂən²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/seŋ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡seŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/siŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siŋ²²/ /sin²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/seiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/teŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: zyingH

Rime
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	實證切
Baxter	zyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ zying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	left over
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
No.	1457
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乗
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋs/
Notes	集韻賸注俗字

Definitions

剩

to be left; to remain
(literary, or in compounds) extra; leftover
a surname, Sheng

Synonyms

(to be left):

edit

伸下 (chhûn-hâ) (Hakka)
剩下 (shèngxià)
剩低 (zing⁶ dai¹) (Cantonese)
挺 (Shanghainese)
殘留 / 残留 (cánliú)
餘 / 余
餘下 / 余下 (yúxià)

Dialectal synonyms of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		剩, 剩餘
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	剩
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	剩
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	剩
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	剩
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	剩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	剩
Cantonese	Hong Kong	剩
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	伸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	伸
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	伸
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	伸
Southern Min	Xiamen	伸
	Quanzhou	偆
	Zhangzhou	伸, 偆
	Manila (Hokkien)	伸
	Puning	存
Wu	Shanghai	剩, 挺, 挺剩
	Danyang	剩
	Ningbo	剩

(extra):

edit

冗 (rǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
冗長 / 冗长 (rǒngzhàng) (archaic)
冗餘 / 冗余 (rǒngyú)
噠浪 / 哒浪 (dag⁴ nng⁷) (Teochew)
多餘 / 多余 (duōyú)

Compounds

下剩
人口過剩 / 人口过剩 (rénkǒu guòshèng)
剩下 (shèngxià)
剩女 (shèngnǚ)
剩水殘山 / 剩水残山 (shèng shuǐ cán shān)
剩磁 (shèngcí)
剩菜 (shèngcài)
剩頭兒 / 剩头儿
剩飯 / 剩饭 (shèngfàn)
剩餘 / 剩余 (shèngyú)
剩餘價值 / 剩余价值 (shèngyújiàzhí)
剩魄殘魂 / 剩魄残魂
所剩無幾 / 所剩无几 (suǒshèngwújǐ)
武昌剩竹
殘山剩水 / 残山剩水
殘湯剩飯 / 残汤剩饭
殘羹剩飯 / 残羹剩饭 (cángēngshèngfàn)
殘茶剩飯 / 残茶剩饭 (cáncháshèngfàn)
過剩 / 过剩 (guòshèng)
餘膏剩馥 / 余膏剩馥

Etymology 2

trad.		剩
simp. ^#		剩

Pronunciation

Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
  - Tâi-lô: tshun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Definitions

剩

(Hakka, Hokkien) alternative form of 伸 (“to be left; to remain”)

References

“剩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “剩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “剩”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 263.

Japanese

Shinjitai	剰
Kyūjitai	剩

Kanji

剩

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剰)

leftover, remainder, residue

Readings

On (unclassified): じょう (jō)
Kun: あまる (amaru, 剩る)、あまり (amari, 剩り)、あまつさえ (amatsusae, 剩え)

Korean

Hanja

剩 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

賸 (thặng)^[1]

Han character

剩: Hán Việt readings: thặng^[1]^[2]^[3]

chữ Hán form of thặng (“surplus; remainder”)

Compounds

剩餘 (thặng dư)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).
^ Bonet (1899).
^ Génibrel (1898).

[gdhn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).

[bonet-2] Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-3] Génibrel (1898).

[1]

[2]

[3]