挺

挺 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手弓大土 (QNKG), four-corner 5204₁, composition ⿰扌廷)

• 𮐄

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 432, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12106
• Dae Jaweon: page 781, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1869, character 11
• Unihan data for U+633A

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; straighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2003, 2007). Compare Burmese ဖြောင့် (hpraung., “straight”), as well as the following Chinese terms:

• 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, “good, virtuous; to be good at”)
• 庭 (OC *l'eːŋ, “straight (of growing grain), upright (of morality); courtyard”)
• 梃 (OC *l'eːŋʔ, “stick, staff, club”)
• 筳 (OC *l'eːŋ, “bamboo rod”)
• 鋌 (OC *l'eːŋʔ, “metal rod, ingot”)
• 珽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, “jade scepter”)

The Sino-Tibetan root is allofamic with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“plank, palm, flat surface, wing”) (whence 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ, “flat, even”)) and Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)liŋ (“full; to fill”) (whence 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”)), with the semantic core of these roots being a "complete realization of a dimensional quality".

The intensifier usage “quite; very” is most likely a grammaticalized usage from “outstanding; prominent” (Liu, 2008; Yang, 2021). Alternatively, it may be from Manchu ᡨᡝᠨ (ten, “extreme”) (Aixinjueluo, 1993).

挺

1. straight; erect

   筆挺／笔挺  ―  bǐtǐng  ―  straight; erect

2. to stick out; to straighten up

   挺起胸膛  ―  tǐng qǐ xiōngtáng  ―  to proudly put one's chest out

   挺直條腰／挺直条腰 [Cantonese]  ―  ting⁵ zik⁶ tiu⁴ jiu¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to straighten up one's back

3. to endure; to stand

   我挺不住了。  ―  Wǒ tǐng bùzhù le.  ―  I can no longer endure this.

   挺過這道坎兒／挺过这道坎儿  ―  tǐng guò zhè dào kǎnr  ―  to persist and overcome this hurdle

4. to support

   我是挺你的！  ―  Wǒ shì tǐng nǐ de!  ―  I support you!

5. outstanding; prominent
6. (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) quite; rather; pretty; very

   挺不錯／挺不错  ―  tǐng bùcuò  ―  quite good

   挺可愛／挺可爱  ―  tǐng kě'ài  ―  quite cute

7. (Shanghainese, Suburban Shanghainese Wu) to remain; to be left behind

   挺下來個餅乾 [Shanghainese, trad.]
   挺下来个饼干 [Shanghainese, simp.]

   ⁵thin-gho₆-le₆-gheq ⁵pin-koe₁ [Wugniu]

   the biscuits that are left behind

8. Classifier for machine guns.

In Standard Mandarin, the degree of 挺 is usually less than 很 (hěn) and 非常 (fēicháng).

• (to support):

• (outstanding):

• (quite):

• (to remain):

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 停?”)

挺

1. (Cantonese) kind; sort; type
   • 2003, MC仁 [MC Yan], Phat, Davy Chan, “WTF”, in Finalazy‎^[1], performed by LMF, Warner Music Hong Kong:

     你渣　你差　你老婆丟哂你假
     你呢亭人正一陀衰家 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]
     你渣　你差　你老婆丢哂你假
     你呢亭人正一陀衰家 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]

     nei⁵ zaa², nei⁵ caa¹, nei⁵ lou⁵ po⁴ diu¹ saai³ nei⁵ gaa^3-2
     nei⁵ nei¹ ting^4-2 jan⁴ zing³ jat¹ to⁴ seoi¹ gaa¹ [Jyutping]

     You're inferior, you're bad, your wife loses all your face
     People like you are indeed troublemakers

• “挺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “挺”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 275.

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←でう (deu, historical)}
• Kan-on: てい (tei)
• On: ちょう (chō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Kun: ぬく (nuku, 挺く)

挺(ちょう) • (-chō) 

1. long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks

• 空(くう)挺(てい) (kūtei): airborne

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [정]

Wikisource

挺 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

挺: Hán Nôm readings: đĩnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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