垔

垔	U+5794, 垔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5794

← 垓
[U+5793]

CJK Unified Ideographs

垕 →
[U+5795]

Translingual

Han character

垔 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田土 (MWG) or 難一田土 (XMWG), four-corner 1010₄, composition ⿱覀土(GV) or ⿱西土(HTJK))

Derived characters

堙, 湮, 凐, 歅, 禋, 緸, 陻, 諲, 闉, 黫, 鄄, 甄, 煙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 228, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5041
Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 438, character 1
Unihan data for U+5794

Chinese

trad.		垔
simp. ^#		垔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垔
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
黫	*qriːn
甄	ken, kin
薽	ken, kjin
籈	ken, kjin
煙	*qiːn
湮	qiːn, qin
堙	*qin
禋	*qin
闉	*qin
垔	*qin
陻	*qin
諲	*qin
歅	*qin
鄄	*kʷens

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qin): phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl) + semantic 土 (“dirt”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīn (yin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yin
  - Wade–Giles: yin¹
  - Yale: yīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: in
  - Palladius: инь (inʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jan¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'jin

Rime
Character	垔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於眞切
Baxter	'jin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔin/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔin/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕn/
Wang Li	/ĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]i[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjin ›
Old Chinese	/*[q]i[n]/
English	dam up, block; mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垔
Reading #	1/1
No.	15201
Phonetic component
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	因
Old Chinese	/*qin/
Notes	上象塞漏土包，非西聲

Definitions

垔

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to block up

Japanese

Kanji

垔

(Hyōgai kanji)

to restrain
to dam a stream and change its direction
mound

Readings

On (unclassified): おう (ō)、じゅ (ju)、とう (tō)、ず (zu)
Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu)

Korean

Hanja

垔 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)

stop up, close, block
bury, get buried
ladder