堂皇

Chinese

		(main) hall; large room	emperor; surname
simp. and trad. (堂皇)		堂	皇

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tánghuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tong⁴ wong⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tông-hông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tánghuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tánghuáng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻang²-huang²
  - Yale: táng-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarnghwang
  - Palladius: танхуан (tanxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tong⁴ wong⁴
  - Yale: tòhng wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tong⁴ wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tong⁴ wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-hông
  - Tâi-lô: tông-hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: donghoong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: dang hwang

Rime
Character	堂	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒郎切	胡光切
Baxter	dang	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑŋ/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑŋ/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daŋ/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/dɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/dɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑŋ/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táng	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tong⁴	wong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤaŋ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*daːŋ ɡʷaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堂	皇	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	táng	huáng	huáng
Middle Chinese	‹ dang ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/
English	hall	yellow and white spotted	sovereign
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堂	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11138	12696
Phonetic component	尚	王
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	唐	黃
Old Chinese	/*daːŋ/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes		禮王制鄭注冕屬，金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Adjective

堂皇

grand; stately; magnificent

Synonyms

壯美 / 壮美 (zhuàngměi)
壯麗 / 壮丽 (zhuànglì)
宏璉 / 宏琏 (hóngliǎn) (literary)
富盛 (fùshèng) (literary)
富麗 / 富丽 (fùlì)
氣派 / 气派
瑰麗 / 瑰丽 (guīlì)
絢麗 / 绚丽 (xuànlì)
華美 / 华美
華靡 / 华靡 (huámǐ) (literary)
華麗 / 华丽 (huálì)
誇麗 / 夸丽 (kuālì) (literary)
豪華 / 豪华 (háohuá)

Noun

堂皇

large palace

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (堂皇):

→ Vietnamese: đàng hoàng (堂皇)